西双版纳外来蚯蚓Pontoscolexcorethrurus的初步调查-云南大学动物.DOCVIP

西双版纳外来蚯蚓Pontoscolex corethrurus的初步调查 刘路1，王彦彬2，张一云3，王天乐3 云南大学生命科学学院 云南 昆明 2. 复旦大学 上海 3. 南京大学 江苏 南京） 指导教师：张智英 云南大学生态学与地球植物学研究所，云南 昆明 650091 摘要：Pontoscolex corethrurus ，一种中等大小的食土蚯蚓，是一种入侵型生物，现已遍布大多数热带地区。一般而言，外来蚯蚓的入侵会导致外来蚓和本地蚓的共存或者任一方的消失。本文中，我们分别在橡胶茶树混交林、橡胶咖啡混交林和原始热带雨林调查了Pontoscolex corethrurus 分布、密度和生物量，来探讨其生物习性以及对其他本地物种，包括本地蚓的影响。我们发现Pontoscolex corethrurus在混交林有大量分布，在原始林则几乎没有发现。此外，Pontoscolex corethrurus的高密度分布会导致其它大型土壤动物的数量的下降。较为奇怪的是，在原始林中，即使没有外来蚓的存在，本地蚓的数量也很少，这有待进一步研究。 关键词：外来蚯蚓，本地种，混交林，热带雨林，入侵 A preliminary investigation on the invasive Pontoscolex corethrurus in Xishuangbanna Abstract: Pontoscolex corethrurus is a medium-sized geophagous earthworm species which has invaded most cultivated land in the humid tropics. It is generally known that invasion of exotic earthworms in areas inhabited by indigenous earthworms can lead to the exclusion of either species group or to their co-occurrence. In this paper, we investigate the distribution, density and biomass of Pontoscolex corethrurus in three habits in Xishuangbanna, which are mixed forests of Hevea brasiliensis and Camellia sinensis, mixed forests of Hevea brasiliensis and Coffea arabica, and natural tropical rainforest as a control, to understand the habit of Pontoscolex corethrurus and its influence on other indigenous species, including native earthworms. We find out that Pontoscolex corethrurus tends to dominate the macrofauna of disturbed habitats as mixed forests, while little is found in natural tropical rainforest. We also find that the increase in the density of Pontoscolex corethrurus is associated with decreases in the density of soil indigenous species, however, we surprisingly find low density of indigenous earthworms in natural tropical rain forest, compared with mixed forests, which needs further investigation. Keywords: invasive earthworms, indigenous species, mixed forests, tropical rain forests, invasion 蚯蚓是目前所知能够影响土壤生态环境功能得最为重要的动物。蚯蚓能够显著的改变土壤的结构，营养物质的循环以及作物的产率。就生物量而言，它们往往主宰了土壤食物链的动物群。蚯蚓的扭动和挖掘动作增