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高级英语视听说教程3 文本 unit1、2、3、4.doc
APPENDIX A: AUDIOSCRIPTS
Unit One
Chapter 1
Anthropology:
The Evolution of Human Endeavor
Anthropology: The Study of Human Beings and Their Creations
oA. Orientation Listening Script
The Greek word for man is anthropos and the word anthropology
has been in the English language for centuries. But just what does the
word mean? Literally anthropology means the study of man. How-
ever, as British philosopher Alfred North Whitehead noted, It is a well-
founded historical generalization that the last thing to be discovered in
any science is what the science is really about. And as Paul Bohannan,
renowned anthropologist, pointed out a number of years ago, Each
science that deals with people has its own definitions of human. An
Economist, he explains, defines a human as a choice-making animal.
Philosophers define man as a rationalizing animal. . . . Anthropology
attempts to be all-inclusive-the study of human behavior in all places
and throughout time. It specializes in the description of humanistic, sci-
entific, biological, historical, psychological, and social views of humans.
To paraphrase Barbara Millers statement in her textbook, Cultural
Anthropology, the popular impression of anthropology is basedmainly
on movies and television shows that depict anthropologists as adven-
turers and heroes. Some do have adventures and discover treasures in
Egyptian tombs and elsewhere, but mostly, their work is less glam-
orous and involves repetitive and tedious activities. Until around the
middle of the nineteenth century, anthropology was a term used for all
humanists. My lecture today explains the fields and branches of
anthropology. Were going to begin by stating that anthropology is the
study of human behavior in all places and at all times.
Western civilization takes credit for the development of anthropol-
ogy, which, as a matter of fact, was a relatively late science. Earlier
Greek and Roman philosophers were more interested in speculating
about the ideal society rather than
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