毕业论文设计《从热力学第二定律看进化论的困难》.docVIP

PAGE 从热力学第二定律看进化论的困难 摘要：十九世纪，人们对于许多热现象的认识导致了热力学的发展。热力学第二定律指出在不引起外界变化的情况下，热量只能自发地从高温物体传向低温物体，而不能反向传递，论述了一个孤立系统中熵只能增加，不能减少。熵增加的方向就是时间的方向，现在整个宇宙正在由有序趋于无序，由有规则趋于无规则。因此热力学第二定律告诉我们，宇宙不是在进化，而是在退化之中，这与进化论的思想生命的起源是由无机物到有机物，由无序到有序的思想是相悖的。本文从热力学第二定律的角度出发，分析、归纳、总结热力学第二定律下进化论面临的困难。 关键词：热力学第二定律；进化论；时间的方向性 Abstract: In the nineteenth century, peoples understanding for many thermal phenomena led to the development of thermodynamics. Second law of thermodynamics that does not cause external changes in circumstances, the heat can spontaneously pass from a hot object to cold objects, but not the reverse pass, discusses the entropy of an isolated system can only increase, not decrease. The direction of entropy increase is the direction of time, and now is the order of the universe tends to disorder, by a rule tend to no rules. Therefore, second law of thermodynamics tells us that the universe is not in evolution, but the degradation, and that this thought with the theory of evolution is the origin of life from inorganic to organic, from disorder to order is contrary to the idea. From the perspective of the second law of thermodynamics, analyze, summarize, sum up the theory of evolution under the second law of thermodynamics difficulties. Key words: second law of thermodynamics; evolution; the direction of time  PAGE 1 目录 1引言．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1 1.1物理学对人类正确认识自然界中起到的推动作用…………………….1 1.2达尔文及其进化论……………………………………………………….1 2进化论的思想．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1 2.1进化论的四个子学说…………………………………………………….1 2.2进化论的主要思想……………………………………………………2 3热力学第一定律与第二定律的主要思想．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2 3.1热力学第一定律的表述及含义………………………………………2 3.2热力学第二定律的表述及含义………………………………………….2 4时间的方向性．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3 4.1物理学中的时间方向3 4.2生物进化中的时间方向………………………………………………….3 5进化论的思想与热力学第二定律的冲突．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．4 5.1从热力学第二定律看宇宙发展的方向………………………………….4 5.2开放系统的熵增……………………