仁爱版九年级英语unit1,Unit2重点语法.docVIP

现在完成时：表示过去已经发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。即“过去的动作 + 现在的结果”， 强调结果。如： I have bought a new bike. (= I bought a new bike, and I have a new bike now.) 我已经买了一辆新的自行车。（强调我现在有了一辆新车。） （一）构成形式： 助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词 肯定句： I have seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影。 否定句： I haven’t seen the film. 我没看过这部电影。 一般疑问句： Have you seen the film? 你看过这部电影了吗？ 回答： Yes, I have. 是的，我看过了。 No, I haven’t. 不，我没看过。 特殊疑问句： What have you done? 你已经做了什么？ （二）have/ has been to与 have/ has gone to have/ has been to + 某地， 到过某地，说话时人已经回来了。 have /has gone to + 某地， 说明去了某地， 说话时人还没回来。 如： I have been to Beijing twice. 他去过北京两次。 ---- Where is Jim? 吉姆在哪儿？--- He has gone to the library? 他去图书馆了。 （三）现在完成时常与下列表不明确的状语连用： 1．already 和 yet already “已经”（多用于肯定陈述句），如：He has already gone home. 他已经回家了。 yet “已经; 还”（用于否定句或疑问句），如：Have you found him yet? 你已经找到他了吗？ I haven’t finished my homework yet. 我还没完成作业。 ※ already 也可用于疑问句，表“出乎意料或惊奇” Have you finished your homework already? 难道你已经完成作业了？ 2．ever 和 never ever “曾经”（多用于疑问句，问初次经历），如：I have ever been abroad. 我曾出过国。 never never“从未；从来不”（多用于否定陈述句），常回答ever的句型。如： I have never seen him before. ----Has he ever been abroad? 他曾出过国吗？----No, never. 不，从来不。 3．just just “刚刚”（多用于肯定句，位于谓语动词之前），如： I have just tried to call you. 我刚刚打电话给你。 4．before before “之前”（一般位于句末；常与never呼应）， 如： He says he has never seen such beautiful scenery before. 他说他以前从来没看过这么美的风景。 （四）现在完成时中延续性的动作或状态和由for / since 引导的一段时间状语搭配使用： a)“for + 时间段” (长达…) 与 “since + 时间点”（自从……以来）， 都表“一段时间”，常用How long 提问。 如: ----How long have you been like this? ---I have been like this since last month./ for a month. ---How long have you lived in Changle? ----I have lived in Changle for ten years / since ten years ago. b) 如句中含有非延续性动词，则改为相应的延续性动词或状态。 如：I bought this TV three days ago.= I have had this TV for three days. His cat died yesterday.= His cat has been dead since yesterday. 常见的非延续性动词转换成延续性动词如下： come—be here; go—be there; close—be closed; open—be open; buy—have; borrow —keep; leave—be away; begin—be on; fini