Relationship of Change in Ego-State to Outcome of Stutte在自我状态变化的结果的口吃的关系.docVIP

Relationship of Change in Ego-State to Outcome of Stuttering Therapy: Preliminary Findings William S. Rosenthal California State University, Hayward (Based on a paper presented at the 3rd World Congress on Fluency Disorders, August 2000, Nyborg, Denmark) The relationship between treatment success and change in ego states was investigated in 32 young adult stutterers who completed an intensive eight-week therapy program. Preliminary results show a significant change in two of five ego states (Adapted Child and Nurturing Parent). Adapted Child decreased and Nurturing Parent increased in those subjects who improved most. Regression analysis shows that approximately 32% of the variance associated with treatment change was predicted by changes in ego states. INTRODUCTION The exact mechanism of fluency breakdown in stuttering is not fully understood. Stuttering typically begins in early childhood and the pattern of dysfluencies among different children shows little variability. However, when stuttering persists into adolescence and adulthood, the patterns of dysfluency become individualized, elaborated and often bizarre. The variability of patterns seen in adult stuttering reflects the individuals struggle against social, emotional, and linguistic stresses that are associated with fluency failure. Disagreement about the underlying causes of stuttering is often overshadowed by controversies about its treatment. There are two main approaches. The first is suppressive in nature. The stutterer is taught to re-train motor speech behaviors and to substitute fluency shaping techniques for stuttering. While this approach is often initially successful, there is a significant relapse rate, probably due to the necessity for a persistent and high degree of vigilance that most stutterers find impossible to maintain in routine speaking conditions. They grow weary of trying to manage in detail a process that should be free-flowing, with as casual acceptance of disfluencies as that