Chapter-11-Safety幻灯片.pptVIP

Learning Objectives Grasp the knowledge and skills to assess hazads that threaten safety of the client and the environment Basic Concept Safy is the most urgent basic human need when the physiological needs have been met. It is often defined as freedom from psychological and physical injury. Section 1 Scientific Knowledge Base 一、环境的含义与范围 环境（environment）： 围绕着人群的空间及其中可以直接、间接影响人类生活和发展的各种自然因素、社会因素的总体。 Environment is the space of life or survival of human beings. It includes all the physical and psychosocial factors around an individual. 环境范围：内环境（人的生理和心理） 外环境（自然环境和社会环境） 1.Basis Needs Oxgen Nutrition Temperature and Humidity Relative humidity 2.Physical hazards Lighting Obstacles Bathroom Hazards Security 3.Transmission of Pathogens One of the most effective methods to limit the transmission of pathogens is to wash hands in the medical way Immunization: Active, Passive Blood and other body fluids are the media to transmit diseases 4.Pollution Risks at Developmental Stages Infant, Taddler, and Preschool School-age Child Adolescent Adult Older Adult Individual Risk Factors Lifestyle Impaired mobility Sensory or Communication Impairment Lack of Safety Awareness Risk in the Health Care Agency Falls Client-inherent accidents Procedure-related accidents Equipment-related accidents Section 2 Safety and Nursing Process Assessment Nurses need to consider all the possible threats, which include hazards in the clients’ immediate environment and all the individual risk factors Assess the clients’ expectation Nursing Diagnosis Body temperature alteration Injury Poisoning Suffocation Trauma Knowledge Deficit Sensory/perceptual alterations Altered thought process Planning Implementation: Health promotion Developmental Interventions Environmental Interventions Evaluation: Client Care Client Expectations 医院环境 一、医院环境的特点及其分类 二、医院环境的调控 一、医院环境的特点及其分类 医院环境的特点 -医院是对特定的人