河北省降水特性和农业需水耦合关系分析.docVIP

河北省降水特性和农业需水耦合关系分析 　　摘要：利用长系列降水资料对河北省降雨特性分析，河北省降水比较集中，汛期降水量占全年降水量的80%；通过对该区常规种植作物需水量分析，冬小麦―玉米一年两熟农业结构，少雨期正是小麦需水期，在平水年单位面积缺水量为419.2 mm。而棉花生长需水期正是多雨期，在平水年，单位面积缺水量65.3 mm，天然降水基本上可满足棉花正常生长的需要。因此，结合该区降水特性，调整农业种植结构，在水资源相对丰富的地区，保证粮食作物的种植面积；在水资源匮乏的区域，种植棉花作物，使得降水季节与作物需水期相适应，从而达到充分利用雨水资源的目的。 　　关键词：降雨特性；作物需水量；雨水利用；农业结构调整 　　中图分类号：TV212文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-1683（2008）06-0090-04 　　 　　The Analysis on Coupling Relationship between the Precipitation Characteristic of Hebei 　　 Province and Agricultural Water Demand 　　WANG Chun-ze1，QIAO Guang-jian2 　　(1.Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050031,China; 　　2.Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau of Xingtai City, Xingtai 054000,China) 　　Abstract:By using long-term precipitation data, the precipitation characteristic of Hebei province was analyzed that the precipitation is concentrative in flood season which account for 80% of whole year. The water requirement of plant population (including winter wheat-maize and cotton) in this area was analyzed. Winter wheat-maize belongs to two crops a year agricultural structure, and its water requirement period is just in dry season, so the volume of water shortage per unit area in normal year is about 419.2mm. The water requirement period of cotton is just in floodseason, so the water requirement is adequate (the volume of water shortage per unit area in normal year is just 65.3mm). Plant structure should be adjusted according to precipitation characteristic in this area, that is to say, winter wheat-maize should be planted in abundant water resource area and cotton in inadequate water resource area. Through the adjustment above， precipitation season could be suitable to water requirement period of crop, so water resource would be utilized adequately. 　　Key words:precipitation characteristics；crop water requirement；rainwater utilization；agricultural structure adjustment 　　 　　水是构成一切生命活动的物质基础，农作物离开了水都无法生存，水资源的数量多少和时空分布特点，决定了农业结构及作物种类，也决定了种植制度和栽培措