学术综合英语_罗立胜U2.ppt

W-A-U3 Writing Skills Writing Practice First domino (addiction to video games → lack of sleep) Second domino (lack of sleep → sleep on class) Third domino (sleep on class → inability to finish homework and acquire knowledge) Last domino (poor study performance → poor exam performance) Common Patterns Writing Process Linguistic Style Format W-A- Linguistic Style The linguistic style To write effective academic papers, you need to use written English. Here are some rules in using written language: Writing Skills Writing Practice 1) Do not use contractions like “don’t”, “can’t”, “isn’t”, or “won’t”. Use their full written forms instead, i.e. “do not”, “cannot”, “is not”, and “will not”. 2) Do not make your paper sound like a dialogue between you and your reader. Expressions like “Do you agree?”, “OK, now let’s move on …”, “What is your opinion about it?” should be avoided. Common Patterns Writing Process Linguistic Style Format W-A-U4 Writing Skills Writing Practice 3) Use as few personal pronouns as possible. The author should be invisible. In other words, never begin a sentence with “I” in an academic paper. For example, the use of sentences like “Next I want to discuss …”, “In my opinion, …”, and “To me, …” should be avoided. Accordingly, use more passive-voiced patterns and sentences with inanimate objects or abstract nouns as their subjects. 4) Try to use a variety of sentence patterns. Good writing requires a mixture of all four kinds of sentences: simple, compound, complex and compound complex. Common Patterns Writing Process Linguistic Style Format W-A- format Writing Skills Writing Practice The format A complete academic paper often includes three necessary parts: the abstract, the article, and the bibliography. Each part should meet the formal requirements for such things as types and sizes of letters, spacing, length, and numbering and arranging of references. And requirements may differ greatly. You are advised to consult the