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祭祀圈理论和思考
祭祀圈理论和思考
摘 要:祭祀圈理论是台湾学者研究乡土社会的重要范式,它的提出是台湾学者对施坚雅的“市场体系”和弗里德曼的“宗族研究范式”的重要修正。本文对祭祀圈理论进行了梳理,对该理论的发展和现状及其优势和不足进行了探讨。同时,还回溯了大陆学者在田野实践的基础上对于祭祀圈理论提出的补充和发展,强调祭祀圈理论应该注重历时性,并试图使用诸如“信仰圈”等概念补充祭祀圈理论。除此,笔者还列举了潮州凤凰村的个案,描述了当地游神祭祀的仪式范围、社会组织,对祭祀圈理论在粤东地区的发展和现状进行了讨论。通过个案与施坚雅、弗里德曼的理论进行对话,寻找相互有机补充的解释方法。借此,对研究范式的整合,提出适用中国乡村研究的解释方法。
关键词:祭祀圈;中国乡村研究;理论范式
中图分类号:C958 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-5681(2013)04-0003-08
收稿日期:2013-09-22
作者简介:周大鸣(1958-),男,湖南湘潭人,中山大学社会学与人类学学院党委书记 副院长,中山大学中国族群研究中心主任 教授 博士生导师,主要从事人类学研究。
Theory and Thinking about Sacrificing Circle
ZHOU Da-ming
Abstract: Sacrificing Circle Theory is the important pattern from that scholars in Taiwan study the rural society,and the presenting of it is a main correction for“market system”from Shi Jianya and“clan researching form”of Friedman.The paper combed theories of sacrificing circle and explored the development,current situation,advantages and disadvantages of it. Meanwhile,the author looked back upon supplements made by scholars of the mainland on the base of field practice,and emphasized that the theory should focus on historical significance. The theory should be complemented by concepts such as“belief circle”. Besides,the author gave an individual case of Fenghuang village,Chaozhou,described ritual range of local amusing Manitou and sacrificing,society organization,discussed the current situation and developing of sacrificing theory in eastern part of Guangdong. The author wants to talk with theories of Shi Jianya and Friedman via individual case to look for explanation ways that can make proper supplements for the two sides so as to integrate studying methods and discover explanation ways for Chinese rural society researching.
Key words: Sacrificing Cirle;Chinese Rural Areas Study;Theory Pattern
[责任编辑 马成俊]
[责任校对 才 贝]
在人类学视野中,乡村研究一直是热点。在乡村研究中提出了许多研究的“范式”,如施坚雅的“市场体系”[1],弗里德曼的“宗族研究范式”[2]等等。在台湾人类学家实践中,发现前两种研究范式不足以解释台湾汉人社会,因而提出“祭祀圈”的研究范式。本文将讨论祭祀圈理论的来龙去脉,并列举潮州凤凰村的个案,来讨论这一范式在乡村应用的问题。
一、祭祀圈理论回顾
(一)祭祀圈概念的提
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