空间4K温区机械主动式制冷技术研究进展RecentDevelopmentsof.PDF

空间4K 温区机械主动式制冷技术研究进展 甘智华 1,2 王博 1 1. 浙江大学 制冷与低温研究所，浙江 杭州，310027 ； 2. 浙江大学 能源清洁利用国家重点实验室， 浙江 杭州 310027 摘要：4K 温区是空间探测中一个极其重要的温区，有相当部分的低温探测器工作在该温区甚至 更低的温度，使具有寿命长、结构紧凑、效率高、可靠性好等优点的4K 温区机械主动式低温制 冷机成为研究的热点和难点！本文在全面介绍当前国际上已发射和在研液氦温区低温探测器的 任务目标和对低温系统性能要求的基础上，详细分析了空间用4K 温区机械式低温制冷技术的设 计方法和工作性能，系统总结了当前空间4K 温区机械式制冷技术的发展现状和主流技术方案， 并对空间液氦温区机械式制冷技术的发展趋势进行了展望。同时本文简要介绍了浙江大学液氦 温区高频脉管制冷技术的相关研究进展。 关键词：4K 温区、空间应用、机械主动式制冷系统、J-T 节流制冷机、脉管制冷机、高效预冷 Recent Developments of space active refrigeration system at 4K GAN Zhi-hua1, 2, WANG Bo1 (1.Insitute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China) Abstract: 4 K temperature range is a very crucial temperature range in space detection, and a certain number of detectors work at this temperature range or even lower, this makes the cryocoolers working at 4 K with the characteristics of long life, compact structure, high efficiency and high reliability the research hotspot and difficulties. This paper comprehensively reviews the mission objectives and cooling requirements of detectors working at 4 K. Based on the review, this paper analyzes the design method and performance of the space mechanical 4 K cryocoolers in detail. Current status and main technologies of space mechanical 4 K cryocoolers are summarized systematically, and future trends of the development in space mechanical 4 K cryocoolers are discussed. The related researches on 4 K temperature high frequency pulse tube cryocoolers at Zhejiang University are also presented in this paper. Key words: 4 K temperature range; space application; cryogenic detectors; mechanical active refrigeration system; J-T throttling cryocooler; precoolin