不同草本缓冲带对径流污染物滞留效益及其最佳宽度的研究.docVIP

不同草本缓冲带对径流污染物滞留效益及其最佳宽度的研究 　　摘要:为营建河岸缓冲带提供依据,研究了冰草、高羊茅、披碱草、紫花苜蓿4种草皮缓冲带对渗流水中总氮、总磷的净化效果。结果表明,4种缓冲带对总氮的平均去除率在60%以上,冰草缓冲带的全程TN削减量最高,紫花苜蓿缓冲带的全程TN削减量最低,相差9.8个百分点。4种缓冲带对总磷的平均去除率达79.31%, 高羊茅缓冲带对TP的削减率最高,紫花苜蓿最低,相差13.56个百分点。通过数据拟合的方法计算当总氮去除率达50%时,4种草皮缓冲带所需的最佳宽度,计算结果分别为冰草缓冲带7.17 m, 高羊茅缓冲带8.08 m, 披碱草缓冲带6.89 m, 紫花苜蓿缓冲带8.84 m。 　　关键词:草皮缓冲带;面源污染;最佳宽度;渗流 　　中图分类号:X522文献标识码:A DOI编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2010.03.038 　　 　　Effects of Different Grass and Width of Riparian Buffer Strips on Runoff Purification 　　SU Tian-yang1, LI Lin-ying2, YAO Yan-tao3 　　(1.Graduate School, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; 2.Shanxi Academy of Forestry Science, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, China; 3.Forestry College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China) 　　Abstract:Field test data collected were employed to compare the effectiveness of four sward riparian buffer zones for reduction of nutrients in the leachate . Results showed that an average TN removal rate of the four sward buffer zones was over 60%. Agropyron was the best responsible for 69.91% TN reduction. Alfalfa was the worst responsible for 60.11% TN reduction. the four sward buffer zones achieved an average TP removal of 79.31%. Festuca was the best responsible for 84.87% TP reduction. Alfalfa was the worst responsible for 71.31% TP reduction. Field test data collected over the 5-month period in 2009 were employed to estimate the buffer zone width for achieving 50%TN reduction. Results showed that Agropyron riparian buffer zone was 7.17 m; Festuca riparian buffer zone 8.08 m; Elymus riparian buffer zone 6.89 m; Alfalfa riparian buffer zone 8.84 m. 　　Key words: sward buffer; non-point pollution; optimal width; leachate 　　 　　随着中国经济的发展,对环境的破坏日益严重,环境保护的力度也越来越大。水体污染导致水生生态系统的破坏和水生生物多样性下降,对人们的健康构成了严重的威胁。随着点源污染的逐步有效控制,农业非点源污染对水环境的污染越来越严重。在农业生产过程中,由于降雨等因素导致养分、农药流入河道造成污染。在最大限度降低其产生量的前提下,如何减少其入河量,是解决农业非点源污染问题的热点之一[1,2]。河岸缓冲带作为高地和水体之间的过渡带,在控制氮,磷等面源污染物输入方面发挥着重要作用,是河溪健康维护研究的重点[3,4]。本试验主要研究不同草本缓冲带对水质改善程度