南水北调中线工程膨胀土渠坡柔性衬砌技术的探讨.docVIP

南水北调中线工程膨胀土渠坡柔性衬砌技术的探讨 　　摘要：膨胀土是一个世界范围内的问题，其危害性大，工程建设中应采取有效的工程措施对其进行处理。结合南水北调中线工程输水干渠膨胀土的工程特性深入论证了进行渠坡柔性衬砌的必要性，并提出了系统的设计思路。重点论证膨润土防水毯作为防渗垫层的技术可行性和优越性。对于衬砌面层，重点探讨了混凝土模袋，特别是新型带种植孔混凝土模袋的技术可行性以及使用方法。 　　关键词：南水北调中线工程；膨胀土；柔性衬砌 　　中图分类号：TV223.31 　　文献标识码：B 　　文章编号：1672-1683(2007)06-0051-03 　　 　　Flexible Liner System of Canal Slopes with the Expansive Soil in the Middle Route Project of the South-to-North Water Diversion 　　GUI Shu-qiang，CAI Yao-jun 　　(Changjiang Institute of Survey，Planning，Design and Research，Wuhan 430074，China) 　　Abstract：Expansive soils are a worldwide problem and have caused considerable damage to buildings，roads，and other structures，thus proper measures should be employed to deal with the problem. The South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project has also encounter the expansive soil problem. The flexible liner system along canal slopes was discussed in detail with respect to the properties of the related expansive soil as well as the design methods. Geo-synthetic Clay Liner (GCL) was proposed as the lower liner layer and its feasibility and advantages were presented. Meanwhile，the paper highlighted the Fariform revetment system as the upper layer of the flexible liner system. Especially，the Revetment Greenification Mat invented by a Japanese company was paid more attentions due to its environmentally friendly compatibility. 　　Key words：The Middle Route Project of the South to North Water Diversion；expansive soils；flexible liner system 　　 　　1 前 言 　　 　　膨胀土是一种因环境干湿交替作用而发生体积明显膨胀(或收缩)、强度剧烈衰减而导致工程变形破坏且含有较多膨胀性黏土矿物的非饱和土。膨胀土是一个世界范围内的问题。在膨胀土地区进行工程建设往往会带来一系列的问题或事故，例如地基隆起、路基开裂、边坡失稳等。据Al-Rawas和Goosen(2006)[1]统计，在美国每年由于膨胀土问题造成对建筑物、道路以及其它结构物破坏损失超过150亿美元。在中国，膨胀土的分布十分广泛，因膨胀土造成的直接经济损失还没有明确的统计数据，但估计也应在亿元级之数(包承纲，2003)[2]。 　　南水北调中线工程输水总干渠在南阳、沙河及邯郸等地带分布有膨胀土，累计长达335.9 km，约占总干渠总长的27%(蔡耀军等，2003)[3-4]。因而膨胀土与黄土、软土、液化砂土等区域性特殊土处理成为南水北调工程关键技术问题之一。 　　从20世纪60年代初开始，长江水利委员会以及沿线相关省的勘察、设计、科研部门即开始对南水北调中线工程膨胀土的工程特性及处理措施进行了相关的研究，对膨胀土的物理化学特性、膨胀岩土的工程危害及其工程处理有了一定的认识。龚壁卫等(2