Social-Psychology，-Society，.ppt

Chapter 18 Social Psychology, Society, and Culture Altruism and Prosocial Behavior Prosocial behavior Carried out with the goal of helping people Altruism Prosocial behaviors without consideration for self safety or interests Reciprocal altruism Altruism and Prosocial Behavior Motives for prosocial behavior Altruism Egoism Collectivism Principlism Effects of the Situation on Prosocial Behavior Bystander intervention Willingness to assist a person in need Diffusion of responsibility The larger the number of bystanders, the less responsibility any one bystander feels to help Effects of the Situation on Prosocial Behavior Bystander must notice the emergency Bystander must label events as an emergency Bystander must feel responsibility Aggression Evolutionary perspectives Individual differences Impulsive aggression Instrumental aggression Aggression Situational influences Frustration-aggression hypothesis Temperature and aggression Direct provocation and escalation Aggression Cultural constraints Construals of the self and aggressive behavior Norms of aggressive behavior Prejudice Social categorization People organize the social environment by categorizing themselves and others into groups In-groups Out-groups In-group bias Prejudice Racism Discrimination against people based on skin color or ethnic heritage Sexism Discrimination because of sex Stereotypes Generalizations in which the same characteristics are assigned to all members of a group Reversing Prejudice Contact hypothesis Jigsaw classrooms Psychology of Conflict and Peace Obedience to authority Milgram’s study Obedience paradigm Test situation To shock or not to shock? Why do people obey authority? Psychology of Conflict and Peace Psychology of Genocide and War Genocide Concepts and images of the “enemy” Why will people go to war? Peace Psychology Peace psychology Interdisciplinary approach to prevention of nuclear war and maintenance of peace Analyzing forms of leadership and government Fostering contact to