农产品重金属污染的现状及检测的方法.docVIP

农产品重金属污染的现状及检测的方法 　　摘要 为分析华北基本气候概况，首先统计1951―2013年夏季6―8月以及3个月平均降水情况，然后分析3个月降水区域距平，并进行夏季平均降水时空分析及500、700、850 hPa的环流分析。结果表明，华北夏季各月降水递减，转变发生在20世纪80年代。时空分析中，距平场的前3个特征量的累积解释方差达到54%，也出现类似于区域距平分析结果，即华北的确在变干旱。不同高度的旱涝环流分析表明，对华北降水影响较大的是副高，其位置的异常使华北降水变化很大，引起旱涝变化。 　　关键词 夏季降水；旱涝变化；时空分布；环流分析；华北地区 　　中图分类号 P434 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2017）24-0181-05 　　Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Circulation Analysis of Drought and Flood in 　　Northern China in Summer 　　YANG Shuai ZHOU Peng SHAN Kun 　　（Langfang Meteorological Bureau in Hebei Province，Langfang Hebei 065000） 　　Abstract In order to analyze the basic climate profile in northern China，the average precipitations of June，July，August and the three months during 1951-2013 were counted，and then the precipitation anomalies of the three months were analyzed.The temporal and spatial analysis of summer precipitation and the circulation analysis of 500 hPa，700 hPa and 850 hPa were conducted.The results showed that in anomaly analysis，the precipitation in the summer of northern China was decreasing，and the change occurred in the 1980s. In the spatiotemporal analysis，the cumulative explanatory variance of the first three feature quantities of the anomalies was 54%，and the results were similar to the regional anomalies，which indicated northern China was getting drought. The analysis of diastolic and diversion of different heights showed that subtropical high had a great effect on the precipitation in northern China. The abnormal position of the subtropical high affected the great change of precipitation in northern China，causing the drought and flood changed. 　　Key words summer precipitation；drought and flood change；temporal and spatial distribution；circulation analysis；northern China 　　1 重金?俚奈：τ肱┎?品污染现状 　　重金属是指原子密度5 g/cm3的一类金属元素，主要包括镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、汞（Hg）、铅（Pb）、铜（Cu）等45种。重金属会对人体产生危害。汞（Hg）进入人体后直接进入肝脏，对视力、神经及大脑影响极大；砷（As）含有剧毒，会致人迅速死亡，长期少量摄入会导致慢性中毒和致癌；铅（Pb）会直接伤害人的大脑，特别是对胎儿的神经系统有巨大的伤害，造成先天智力低下，且进入人体后很难排除，是重金属污染中毒性较大的一种；钴（Co