语音学英文版.ppt

The Phonetics and Phonology ofNasal GesturesPatrice Speeter BeddorUniversity of MichiganSupported by NSF Conclusion Ohala: listeners factor out the acoustic distortion due to coarticulation, as long as they detect the source of the distortion:  Speaker Listener /?n/ /?n/ distorted by vocal tract into reconstructed as [E)n] heard as [E)n] because of knowledge of coarticulatory effects of nasals Conclusion Ohala: But if the source of the distortion goes undetected, the coarticulatory effects will not be parsed properly:  Speaker Listener /?n/ /E)/  distorted by vocal tract into reconstructed as [E)(n)] heard as [E)] [E)] later produced as In the current approach: the perceptual consequence of co-variation in production is that listeners formulate equivalence classes based on the (lawfully) variable input signal (e.g., [?n], [?n], [?]) and they arrive at generalizations (e.g., presence vs. absence of nasality in the syllable rhyme) fully consistent with the input. ~ ~ ~ If copied by other speakers, this misperception could become a systematic change in a language. Conclusion Production: Data from different languages and for different phonetic contexts show that, in tautosyllabic VN sequences, duration of coarticulatory V nasalization and duration of N co-vary, such that velum lowering in the syllable rhyme is relatively stable across phonetic contexts. Phonology: Co-variation in production and equivalence in perception between coarticulatory source and effects may be phonetic precursors to the coarticulatory effect becoming a distinctive property in a language. Perception: Listeners treat N and V as perceptually equivalent and are more sensitive to total nasalization in the rhyme than to the precise alignment of oral and nasal ges