批判理论与传播学学科话语的嬗变-中国传媒报告.PDF

批判理论与传播学学科话语的嬗变 李耘耕 胡翼青① （南京大学哲学系，南京 210092；南京大学新闻传播学院，南京 210092） [摘 要] 在经典传播学的学科视野中，批判理论范式和经验主义范式的二元对立一 直是贯穿整个传播学发展的主导话语。但回顾传播学的发展历史，批判理论却并不是始终站 在经验主义的对立面发言的，而与此相反，批判理论是伴随着经验主义范式的理论危机进入 传播学的视野，被传播学加以阐释和书写的。这得益于两重合力的选择，第一重力量来自于 传播学科的专业意识形态，新生的传播学需要批判理论的视角帮助其生产理论，从而为传播 学的科学性做出证明，而另一重力量则是美国实用主义的意识形态，批判理论的理论特质存 在可为美国社会科学中根深蒂固的实用主义意识形态与传播学初创时期便已确立的行政研 究的倾向所用的部分，而经过这两重合力选择后的批判理论才形成我们今天在传播学学科话 语中所言说和书写的批判理论范式。 [关键词] 批判理论；二元对立；理论危机；科学性；意识形态 Critical Theory and Discursive Transformation for Communication Studies Li Yungeng Hu Yiqing (School of Philosophy, Nanjing University, Nanjing ，210092 ；School of Journalism and Communication, Nanjing University, Nanjing ，210092,China) Abstract: The binary framework that contains the opposition between critical paradigm and empirical paradigm has been the dominant discourse in communication studies. However, looking back to the origin of communication studies, we can find out that critical theory was not in the opposition from the beginning. On the contrary, it was not absorbed into the communication discipline until the theoretical crisis of the empiricism paradigm that failed to establish a core theory to support the legitimacy of the discipline. This consequence was shaped by two forces: one is from the disciplinary ideology for the new-born communication discipline needed critical theory to help construct its theories, which could justify its legitimacy of communication as a scientific discipline. The second force comes from American pragmatism ideology. Parts of critical theory were essentially corresponded with the pragmatism ideology and early administrative research in the United States. Critical theory, shaped by these two forces, eventually