数值传热复习考试题(完成).docxVIP

Taylor series and Finite Difference Accuracy(lecture 3) Answer： Error is a sign of its accuracy Forward, Central and Backward differences(lecture 3) truncation errors Answer：showed in the problem1, error is the truncation error Finite difference models for 1st and 2nd derivatives(lecture 3) Basis functions for deriving finite difference equations (lecture 3) Write energy balance for various types of elements(lecture 3) Answer: Boundary: wall temperature : Heat flux: **Conjugate Heat Transfer What are single and double precision?(lecture 3 new) Answer: Real - 4 bytes (32 bits) ~ 7 digits Double - 8 bytes ~ 15 digits Minimum/Maximum Real: 1x10-38 |x|3x1038 Double: 2x10-308 |x|2x10308 Methods for non-rectangular areas (lecture 6) Answer: 7.1 Fit geometry to grid (easy) 优点：(1)曲线边界用梯形网格逼近，可以在直角坐标系中实现复杂问题的数值计算。 (2)网格构造简单，可以适用于任何形状物体。 缺点：计算边界是带有90o角尖峰的锯齿状粗糙表面。 Modify finite difference equations: (1)For Twall =constant, not too difficult, (2)For qwall=constant, very difficult (3)Very difficult for fluids Coordinate Transformation Methods (P435) 适体坐标系——各坐标轴与所计算区域的边界一一相符合的坐标系。 优点：通过计算方法构造适体坐标系，可以实现对复杂的物理空间进行求解，把物理空间上的不规则区域变换成计算空间上的规则区域进行求解，精度高。 缺点：建立适体坐标系和物理坐标系的对应关系困难。 Transient methods describe the methods advantages and disadvantages Answer： (1) Explicit 显式(forward): Use results from previous time step. a) No iterations b) Each time step is very fast c) Requires many time steps d) Accurate (for small time steps) e) Not stable (2) Implicit隐式 (backward): Use results from next time step. a) Solve simultaneously同时的 b) Iterate迭代 c) Each time step is slower, but fewer time steps d) Complex e) Unconditionally Stable无条件稳定, but less accurate 不精确than Crank-Nicolson (3) Crank-Nicolson (central): Central difference a) Solve simultaneously b) Iterate c) Each time step is slower, but fewer time steps d) Complex e) More accurate than implicit f) Unconditionally Stable Solve a 1D energy equation problem (conduction