俄汉动词释义元语言对比研究-外国语言学与应用语言学专业论文.docxVIP

HIT HIT Graduation Thesis for the M A Degree 哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文 -I- -I- 摘 要 “元语言”最早是由哲学界提出的一个命题。自塔尔斯基提出元语言后， 引起了人们广泛的思考，并逐步形成了三种不同类型的元语言理论：语义哲学 界的元语言说、语言学和词典学中的元语言说和自然语言处理界的元语言说， 本文研究的主要是词典学中的元语言说。国内外已有很多有关释义元语言及动 词释义元语言的研究，该研究同样得到俄罗斯学者和中国学者的普遍关注。尤 其是动词的释义元语言问题得到了语言学家、词典学家以及众多专业人士的重 视，并形成了一系列相关的研究成果。但是现有成果主要是单一语言的研究， 并没有进行双语或多语的对比分析，因此我们尝试对俄汉动词释义元语言进行 对比分析。俄语动词释义方式可划分为同义词释义、义素释义、定义式释义和 交叉互释等方式。文中，详细论述了同义词、义素、定义等问题，并且阐明了 这些释义方式在词典编纂中的作用。汉语也常采用同样的分类方法，唯一不同 的就是“指”字释义，俄语一般不采用这一方式。通过俄汉释义元语言的对比 分析，可以看到，这些释义方式各有特点，在两种语言的表现是同中有异。为 了更加明晰，本文逐一探讨了各种释义方式的异同，并阐明了研究结果对词典 编纂的启示。 关键词：对比；元语言；释义；动词 -II- -II- Abstract Meta- language was a proposition first put forward by the philosophers. Since Tarski proposed the concept of meta- language, it has generated people’s thoughts about it, and gradually three different types of meta- language theories were formed: meta- language theory in semantic philosophy, meta- language theory in linguistics and lexicography, meta- language theory in natural language processing, this paper is based on the meta- linguistic theory in lexicography. Many scholars from China and abroad have studied the meta- language interpretation, including the meta-language interpretation of the verb. Chinese and Russian scholars have paid special attention to this research field, it has enjoyed the attention of the linguists, lexicographers and other experts, and a series of achievements have been made. But the current findings are all limited to the meta- language interpretation methods in a single language, and there are no comparative analyses between two languages or among several different languages. Therefore, we will do a comparative study of the meta- language interpretation of the verbs in Chinese and Russian. The ways of interpreting Russian verbs include: to use a synonym, to illustrate the semantic units, to give a definition, to explain reciprocally. This paper will discuss in detail the synonym, the semantic unit, the definition and explain their functions in co