多义词语用充实问题的词汇语用研究英语语言文学专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 摘 要 一词多义作为一种普遍存在的语言现象, 引起了语言学家们的广泛关注。不同语言 学流派从不同的视角对多义词进行了深入研究。结构主义语义学派在研究多义词时，仅 限于对多义词内部结构的研究，对其底层的认知机制并没有涉及；原型语义学派以原型 特征匹配为其主要思想，从认知角度对多义词进行解释，认为认知范畴的原型是固定不 变的，因而在偏离语境因素的条件下对多义词进行原型语义的阐释，导致了原型论在诠 释多义词选择和理解方面的缺陷。 本文结合英语和汉语多义词语料，揭示了结构主义语义学和原型语义学理论对多义 词解释的缺陷，并试图从词汇语用学的角度对多义词的语用充实现象进行解释。词汇语 用学主要关注语言使用中非确定性词义的语用处理，结合词汇学、语义学、语用学和认 知语言学等多学科，从多个角度对话语理解中的词汇信息进行语用处理，包括词义的语 用收缩和语用扩充的语用信息加工。多义词的选择和理解实际上是在经过语用充实后， 其原型意义在一定语境下的收缩或扩充。在关联理论的观照下，多义词的选择和理解就 是交际中的听话人依据特定的语境，对多义词的关联特征进行选择并付出认知努力，进 而构建最佳关联的语用推理过程。多义词所指范围的收缩和扩充都涉及寻找最佳关联信 息的语用充实，而不简单是基于原型意义上的词汇理解。 本文从语用充实角度为多义词的认知研究提供了一个新的视角，说明多义词的使用 和理解是在词汇语用学的框架内，一个以语境为基础的认知—语用问题，而不仅仅是个 语言问题。 关键词: 多义词; 语用充实; 语用扩充; 语用收缩; 关联理论 I Abstract Abstract Abstract As an important and pervasive semantic phenomenon across languages, polysemy has attracted much attention of linguists working in various branches of linguistics. Different linguistic schools study polysemy from different perspectives. Structural semantics confines the research on internal structures of polysemy, without taking account of its underlying cognitive mechanism. While prototypical semantics regards the prototypicality as its main idea, and gives the explanation from the cognitive approach. The prototype theory treats the prototype of cognitive category as a fixed model, and interprets the polysemy without consideration of context, resulting in the explanation defaults on the choices and understanding of polysemy. This paper based on both English and Chinese materials, illustrates the defaults with structural semantics and prototypical semantics’ interpretations on polysemy, trying to account for the pragmatic enrichment on polysemy from lexical pragmatics perspective. Lexical pragmatics focuses on the encoded meaning of pragmatic inference from many perspectives, such as lexicology, semantics, pragmatics and cognitive linguistics, etc., and includes the pragmatic narrowing and broadening of lexicon. The choices and understanding of polysemy depend on the pragm