对外汉语教学中的国俗语义教学研究-汉语国际教育专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 词汇是一个民族的文化中最活跃、最有生命力的部分。各国语言中的许多词语除了具 有概念意义外，还附加了特殊的民族文化色彩，这种文化色彩也属于词汇语义的一部分， 与其他各种意义一起构成了一个意义整体。各个国家的人民用独特的词汇来表达本民族特 有的文化内涵，从而赋予这些词语鲜明的民族特性。在汉语里，很多的成语、俗语、惯用 语等都蕴含着极为丰富的文化内涵，有着独特的国俗语义。这些语义在很大程度上折射着 中华文化，与中国的历史、风俗、生活、艺术有着深刻的渊源。汉语词汇国俗语义的习得 是词语习得的关键部分，如果学习者缺乏相应的国俗语义知识或者误解国俗语义都可能造 成交际的障碍，有时甚至会引起不必要的误会和冲突。对于中高级水平的汉语学习者来说， 掌握这些词语独特的国俗语义，对研究中国古典文学作品以及民俗文化都能起到极大的促 进作用。然而在现实的对外汉语教学中，国俗语义教学却很容易被忽视，从而影响学习者 掌握汉语的实际效果。 本文针对这一现象，借鉴文化语言学和国俗语义学等学科的理论知识与研究方法，从 风俗习惯和历史文化等方面初步探究了汉语词语中国俗语义产生的原因。并且在总结前人 理论的基础上，对对外汉语教学中的国俗语义教学进行初步探讨，试图提出一些相对应的 教学方法。因此本文的重点在于探讨如何更好地在对外汉语教学中体现国俗词语的教学。 希望本文能够对对外汉语教学方面的研究有所启示。 关键词：对外汉语； 国俗语义； 教学 II II Abstract Vocabulary is the most active and vitalist part of a nation’s culture. In Chinese vocabulary, many words implicate the national culture besides their rational meaning, which directly reflect the history and psychological features of the nation. Such kind of characteristic is a part of meaning ,which, together with other meanings constitute the whole meaning system. People of different ethnic use their own distinctive words to convey particular connotation, thus endow the words with distinct national characteristics. In Chinese, many idioms and common sayings contain abundant and unique connotations which reflect the Chinese culture to a large extent and deeply contact with the Chinese history, custom, daily life and art. The acquisition of national cultural meaning is a pivotal part in vocabulary acquisition. It will possibly cause mistakes and conflicts if learners lack corresponding knowledge about national connotations or misunderstand the connotations. Only if the students have mastered a certain number of Chinese vocabulary and their national connotation, can they avoid misunderstanding in the daily communication. To the students of middle and advanced levels, mastering the unique connotations of these expressions is very important in studying literary output of Chinese classical literature and folk-customs. However, in the actual Teaching