2008讲稿(第6章).pptVIP

Chapter 6. Surface Tension and Contact Angle 6.1 Introduction Surface tension is a parameter can be used to characterized property of liquid surface (interface) and measured. Contact angle can be used mostly to characterize surface property of a solid and measured. Focus of this Chapter Concerning the equilibrium behavior of interfaces between “pure” phases; Definitions and reasons; Lapalce equation, the pressure across a curved interface; To use surface tension and contact angle determining wetting phenomena of solid. 6.2 Surface tension, surface work and surface free energy Surface tension Surface tension(γ) is a force that operates on a surface and acts perpendicular(垂直) and inward from the boundaries of the surface , tending to decrease the area of the interface. γ=F/2L (1) Characteristics: A contractile(收缩) force，tends to shrink(收缩) the surface; A force of per unit length, (N m-1 or dynes cm-1)； A two-dimensional pressure; （1） Reason for producing surface tension Assumption of vacant state of surface（表面层空位假说）: （Bakker，Davies，Fowkes，Ademson） The molecules in the surface of liquid exchanges with the molecules of its vapor and the liquid. Based on kinetic molecular theory of gases(气体分子动力学理论) and theory of diffusion in liquids(液体扩散理论), when temperature is in 20?C： Exchange rate of molecules between surface and vapor is: 2.9×1020 / s.cm2 Exchange rate of molecules between surface and liquid is: 1.7×1025/s.cm2 In equilibrium the distance between the molecules on the surface is larger than that in liquid, there is “vacant position” on the surface. Due to the distance between the molecules on the surface is larger than that of the molecules in liquid the molecules interacted attractively and in the state of tension. The distance between the molecules on surface is larger that predicated by this assumption is agree with the distance calculated by Prigogine and Saraga with statistics method based on a model of surface thermodyna