新民市1～3月日光温室温度变化及最低温度预报的研究.docVIP

新民市1～3月日光温室温度变化及最低温度预报的研究 　　摘 要：为了预报新民地区日光温室内最低温度，防御寒冷月份棚内植物冷冻害，在新民市气象局建设日光温室大棚，设立小气候自动监测系统，研究其棚内温度日变化规律，建立相关模式。结果表明：半坡式日光温室温度日变化呈“几”型，随着日照时间延长和外界气温的变化，棚内日最高、最低气温出现的时间和温度速率不同。在不同天气条件、不同时间段，温度变化速率及相关模式差异较大。棚内外温度日变化相关性显著，棚内外温差日变化是随着棚外温度的升高而加大，随着天气变暖而减小。通过棚内温度变化速率建立日最低温度预报模型，相对误差在-7.9%～4.4%。最低温度预报模型对于日光温室生产防御低温冻害提供了气象预测手段，并可降低灾损成本。 　　关键词：日光温室；温度；速率；预报模型；新民市 　　中图分类号 P461 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2015）11-132-05 　　Abstract：In order to forecast the lowest temperature of heliogreenhouse in Xinmin City and protect plant from freezing injury in greenhouse in cold months，heliogreenhouse is built in Xinmin weather bureau. Microclimate automatic monitoring system is set to research regularity of a change in temperature in heliogreenhouse and to built related pattern. The result shows that the daily temperature changes of Banpo type heliogreenhouse likes type of “Ji”. The highest，lowest temperature and rate of temperature change in heliogreenhouse occurr at different time according to prolonged length of sunshine and outside temperature change. There is a large difference of temperature change rate and related pattern among different weather condition and time. The correlation of the daily temperature changes inside and outside of heliogreenhouse is significant. When outside temperature is high，it increase；when weather warming，it decrease. Through temperature change rate，the lowest temperature forecast model is built，and the relative error is between -7.9% and 4.4%. The lowest temperature forecast model provides weather forecast means for heliogreenhouse to protect plant from freezing injury. At the same time，it can reduce the cost of damage. 　　Key words：Heliogreenhouse；Temperature；Rate；Forecasting model；Xinmin City 　　近年来，科技人员从不同角度对日光温室的设计[2-4]、栽培技术管理[5-7]以及棚内小气候变化进行了研究[8-10]，如宗英飞等[11]、吴克等[12]从日光温室外部环境条件入手研究了设施农业生产期光照资源变化和气象灾害种类及发生频率；邹平等[13]则从日光温室跨度变化上研究了棚内光温分布特征；刘可群等[14]、魏瑞江等[15]探讨了日光温室小气候与大气候的关系；李延林等[16]、刘军利等[17]研究了日光温室气温变化规律；赵统利等[18]探讨了晴天、多云、雨天及雪天4种不同类型天气条件下日光温室内外部温度、光照强度