桃林口水库不同径流小区水土流失规律的研究.docVIP

桃林口水库不同径流小区水土流失规律的研究 　　摘要:通过对桃林口水库大暖泉径流小区产流次数、冲刷量、径流深、植被覆盖度等指标的监测及分析,得出结论:①随着植被盖度的增加,产流次数与径流深趋于减少;农业种植与裸地的产流次数与径流深在各径流小区中最大;坡耕地玉米种植小区的冲刷量最高,裸地坡面冲刷量次之,梯田种植桃树与水平阶种植桃树的小区冲刷量最小;②冲刷量(??Y)与植被覆盖度(X)间符合指数函数关系??。结合径流小区冲刷量及坡度的关系,建议该区16°以上的坡耕地应退耕还林,并在退还时考虑辅之以梯田、水平阶等工程措施。 　　关键词:桃林口水库;径流小区;产流次数;冲刷量;径流深;植被覆盖度;退耕还林 　　中图分类号:S157.2;X820文献标识码:A文章编号:1672-1683(2010)02-0057-04 　　 　　Study of Water and Soil Erosion of Different Runoff Plots in Taolinkou Reservoir 　　ZHEN Bao-yan1,ZHANG Wei-ping2,DENG Chun-fang2,LIU Zheng2,JIA Zhi-jun1 　　(1.Hebei Extension and Experiment Center for Water Technology, Shijiazhuang 050061,China; 　　2.The Administration Bureau of Taolinkou Reservoir, Qinhuangdao 066400,China) 　　Abstract: By monitoring times of runoff producing, runoff erosion, runoff in depth, vegetation coverage in big warming spring runoff plot of Taolinkou reservoir, we have gotten: firstly, as vegetation average increases, times of runoff producing and runoff in depth tend to decrease; agriculture planting, times of runoff producing in bare area and depth in runoff are the maximum in all of the runoff plots; The runoff erosion in corn planting plot in sloping farmland is the highest, and the runoff erosion of bare slope face is next, and it is the minimum in plots where plants peach in terrace and level-terrace; secondly, runoff erosion (Y) and vegetation average(X) conform to an exponential relation. Combining with the relationship of runoff erosion and slope degree, it is better to return farmland to forest in slope over sixteen degree, and auxiliary by some engineering measures such as terrace and level-terrace. 　　Key words: Taolinkou reservoir; runoff plot; times of runoff producing; runoff erosion; runoff in depth; vegetation coverage; return farmland to forest 　　 　　0 引言 　　 　　水土流失是导致生态环境恶化和土地生产力下降的主要原因[1-2],为了研究土壤侵蚀对土地生产力和水环境的影响,以及不同水土保持措施对土壤侵蚀的影响,坡面径流试验小区观测常常是一种重要研究手段[3]。径流小区试验最初由美国密苏里农业试验站的M.F密尔洛及其同事于1917年创建,径流小区具有面积小,坡度、植被、土壤等地表情况容易掌握的特点,目前国内外应用已相当普遍[4]。径流小区是水土保持观测试验的重