英语文体学基础(语篇结构)课件.pptVIP

. . . . 英语文体学基础 语篇结构与功能 * 什么是语篇呢？ “它可以是一个词……它可以是一个词组或短语……它可以是一个小句……它可以是一幅对联、一首小诗、一篇散文、一则日记、一部小说（三部曲或其中的章节）……；它也可以是一句口号、一支歌曲、一次对话、一场口角、一次长达两三个小时的讲演……” Roughly speaking, it refers to attempts to study the organization of language above the sentence or above the clause, and therefore to study larger linguistic units, such as conversational exchanges or written texts. Linguistic communication always appears in textual form. * 英语语篇的模式研究 语篇的组织模式（textual pattern）可以定义为“构成语篇的关系的组合”。 英语中有多种语篇模式，常见的模式是： 问题—解决 一般—特殊 主张—反应 提问—回答 * 问题—解决模式的宏观结构一般由情景（situation）、问题（problem）、反应（response）、评价（evaluation)或结果（result）四部分组成。 Situation (optional) Aspect of situation requiring a response (i.e. Problem) Response Positive Evaluation Positive result Positive Result/ evaluation combined in a single statement Basis (optional) positive Evaluation (optional) Most people like to take a camera with them when they travel abroad. But all airports nowadays have X-ray security screening and X rays can damage film. One solution to this problem is to purchase a specially designed lead-lined pouch. These are cheap and can protect film from all but the strongest X rays. 问题—解决模式是英语中极为常见的语篇模式，经常用于 说明文、广告、科技文章、实验报告、新闻报道以及故事、 小说等文学作品中。 * 一般—特殊模式又可称作概括—具体模式，其宏观结构由三个成分组成：概括陈述、具体陈述和总结陈述。其表现形式有两种：先概括再举例；先整体后细节。 General statement Specific statement 1 Specific statement 2 Specific statement 3 General statement General statement Specific statement Even more specific Even more specific General statement Knowledge often results only after persistent investigation. Albert Einstein, after a lengthy examination of the characteristics of matter and energy, formulated his famous Theory of Relativity, which now acts as a basis for further research in nuclear physics. Using plaster casts of footprints, fingerprints, and stray stands of hair, a detective pertinaciously pursues the criminal. After years of work, Annie Jump Cannon perfected the classification of the spectra 0f some 350,000 stars. Investigations into