碳酸盐黑钙土改良培肥技术的研究.docVIP

碳酸盐黑钙土改良培肥技术的研究 　　摘要针对黑龙江省西部地区土壤旱时板结僵硬、涝时粘朽、蓄水保墒能力下降的现状,开展了碳酸盐黑钙土改良培肥技术研究。结果表明:采用增施有机肥、秸秆还田、优化施肥等技术可明显改善碳酸盐黑钙土的物理性质,提高玉米产量。各处理较当地常规施肥田间持水量增加3.2%～8.1%,土壤孔隙度增加7.4%～11.3%,土壤容重降低0.07～0.10 g/cm3,玉米产量增加199.9～2 135.8 kg/hm2。增施有机肥对土壤物理性质改良效果最好,增施有机肥和优化施肥增产显著。 　　关键词有机肥;优化施肥;土壤改良;碳酸盐黑钙土 　　中图分类号S156.99文献标识码A文章编号 1007-5739(2010)10-0261-02 　　 　　AmendmentandFertilizationTechnologyofCarbonateChernozem 　　WANG Xiao-jun 1,2YU Feng-zhi 1GAO Tong-bin 3ZHOU Guang-ming 3YANG Si-ping 3ZHOU Gao-fei 3 　　(1 Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province,Institute of Soil Fertility and Environmental Resources,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin Heilongjiang 150086; 2 Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; 3 Agricultural and Sideline Base Directly under Shenyang Military Region) 　　AbstractAccording to the serious situations of soil hardening and stiffness while drought,sticky and senile while flooded,and the ability of soil water preserving technique dropped in the west of Heilongjiang,the carbonate chernozems fertility-improving techniquewas studied. The result showed that adoption of such techniques as adding organic manure,returning straws to the fields and optimizing the fertilization could significantly improve the physical characteristics of the carbonate chernozems and increase the yield of corn. Compared normal fertilization in the local regions,other treatments increased the field water-preservation rate by 3.2%～8.1%,increased the soil porosity by 7.4%～11.3%,decreased the soil volume weight by 0.07～0.10 g/cm3 and increased the corn yield by 199.9～2 135.8 kg/hm2. The effect of adding organic manure was the best in improving the physical characteristics of soil. Moreover,adding organic manure and optimizing the fertilization increased the yield of grains significantly. 　　Key wordsorganic manure;optimizing fertilization;soil amendment;carbonate chernozem 　　 　　黑龙江省主要土壤类型有黑土、黑钙土、草甸土、白浆土、盐碱土、风沙土等土壤类型。但是由于长期对土壤资