Lecture3ClassificationofWords-精选（公开课件）.pptVIP

Archaic words Archaic words (arch.) are words no longer in common use, although retained for special purpose. They are sometimes employed in poetry, business letters, legal documents, religious speeches, and prose, e.g. abed in bed behold see belike probably natheless nevertheless perchance by chance, possibly quoth say Poetical words Poetical words (poet.) are words that are traditionally used only in poetry, e.g. array outfit, dress, the deep the sea steed horse morn morning Archaic or poetical? thou and thee for the second person singular, ye for the second person plural, thy and thine for the possessive your and yours, aught for anything, betwixt for between, naught for nothing, vale for valley, yon for over there. 3.3 Classification of words by notion Content words (实词) denote clear notions, e.g. objects, phenomena, action, quality, state, degree, quantity, etc. ◆ nouns, ◆ verbs, ◆ adjectives, ◆ adverbs and ◆ numerals. Content words Content words have independent lexical meanings. Content words belong to an open list. New lexical items are constantly being created, and no one could make a complete list of all the content words in English. Functional (empty/form) words (虚词) Functional (empty/form) words (虚词) do not have notions of their own. They serve to express the relations between notions, the relation between words as well as between sentences. ◆ determiners, ◆ pronouns ◆ prepositions, ◆ conjunctions, ◆ auxiliaries, and ◆ interjections. Functional (empty/form) words (虚词) They act as grammatical signals to show the connection between content words. They belong to a relatively small and permanent set of words, in comparison to content words. The total number of functional words is about 154. They are stable; they do not come and go with changing fashions and ideas. 3.4 Classification of words by origin Native words (本族词) are words of Anglo-Saxon origin or of Old English. Loan words or borrowed