化学专业英语-inorganic幻灯片课件.ppt

Chapter 1 Inorganic Chemistry;When and who give the modern version of periodic table?;;;periodic table of elements（元素周期表）;halogen (卤素) chalcogen (硫族) rare earth (稀土) noble gas (inert gas) (惰性气体) ;; metal nonmetal metalloid (准金属, 半金属) The seven metalloid elements are:;Nonmetals;Nitrogen (氮) Oxygen (氧) Ozone (臭氧) Allotrope (同素异形体);Nonmetals;Nonmetals;Nonmentals;Nonmentals;Metals;Metals;Metals;Transition metals:;Transition metals:;Inner-transition metals:;Significant terms related to inorganic chemistry;1. Atomic structure;Atomic Structure;Atomic Structure;Atomic Structure;Atomic Structure;wavefunction probability distribution angular wavefunction radial wavefunction radial probability distribution (径向几率分布) hydrogenic ions (类氢离子) atomic orbital (原子轨道);electron spin (电子自旋) paired/ unpaired electron parallel spins opposed spins (自旋反平行) ground state (基态) excited state (激发态);Atomic Structure;Pauli Exclusion Principle（保里不相容原理） Hund’s Rule（洪特规则） screening effect (屏蔽效应) penetration (钻穿效应);effective nuclear charge atomic radius electronegativity ionization energy (电离能) ;2. Chemical bond;Chemical Bond;Chemical Bond;3. Molecular structure;Molecular Structure;polar molecule（极性分子） nonpolar molecule（非极性分子) orbital overlap (轨道重叠) hybridization（杂化） hybrid orbital（杂化轨道）;molecular orbital（分子轨道） bonding orbital（成键轨道） antibonding orbital（反键轨道） molecular shape（分子的形状） ;Molecular Structure;4. Molecular interaction; intermolecular force (分子间作用力） orientation force（取向力） induction force（诱导力） dispersion force (London force) (色散力） hydrogen bond Van der Waals force（范德华力）;5. Fundamental theories;Classical Lewis Theory Valence Bond Theory Molecular Orbital Theory Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR Theory)（价层电子对互斥理论）;6. Solution;Solution;homogeneous（均相的） heterogeneous（非均相的） concentration（浓度） activity (活度) number of moles;molarity （摩尔浓度） molality（质量摩尔浓度） mole fraction（摩尔分数） molar mass（摩尔质量）;hydration（水合作用） hydrolysis（水解）[hai’drolisis] efflorescence（风化）[,eflo:`resens] d