能量视域下世界高水平女子撑杆跳高技术特征的研究.docVIP

能量视域下世界高水平女子撑杆跳高技术特征的研究 　　摘 要：?榻?一步推动中国女子撑杆跳高项目快速发展，运用视频拍摄、影像解析等方法，对2015年世界田径锦标赛女子撑杆跳高项目前12名运动员撑杆跳高技术进行剖析，以能量传递为视角，揭示当今世界高水平女子撑杆跳高运动员技术特征，并对比分析李玲与其他选手技术动作的差异性，为李玲技术动作优化提供建议。认为：1）在能量获得阶段，运动员步频随撑杆倾角逐渐降低而加快，利用撑杆前翻拉力提高和保持动能；蹬伸时间先于撑杆制动时间，以较小腾起角和预先起跳来减少动能损失；体现“追杆”式助跑和“自由”式起跳的技术特征。2）在能量储存阶段，大幅度悬垂动作和快速的直腿摆动是储存能量的关键环节；较小的悬垂夹角及肩-髋-踝三关节有序的加速与制动，体现出“鞭打”式摆体的技术特征。3）能量释放阶段，团身、伸展和推杆动作时序紧密衔接和减少推杆时间是充分利用撑杆弹性势能的关键，较大的团身角和较小的伸展偏离角是人体获得最大重力势能的必要力学条件。4）李玲存在助跑速度较慢、起跳时间略晚、摆体力量不足、摆体速度和幅度较小、推杆时间较长及伸展偏离角较大等问题。针对李玲存在的问题，提出可行性建议。 　　关键词：能量；撑杆跳高；技术特征；女子；李玲 　　中图分类号：G 862 学科代码：040303 文献标识码：A 　　Abstract：In order to promote the rapid development of Chinese female pole vault， using video capture， image analytic and mathematical statistics， etc.， this paper analyzes the technical characters of top 12 outstanding female pole-vaulters at the 15th IAAF World Championships， and reveals the technical characteristics of modern world elite female pole-vaulters from the perspective of the energy transfer characteristics. This paper also analyzes the difference between LI Ling and other contestants and puts forward suggestions for LI Ling. Conclusions： 1） In the energy gain stage， the female pole-vaulters step frequency gradually increases with the pole angle decreasing， making full use of the pull of the pole to increase and maintain the kinetic energy； the pole-vaulters stretch time is ahead of the rod braking time， taking smaller take-off angle and pre-jump measures to reduce kinetic energy loss； the pole-vaulters reflect chasing pole run-up and free jump technical characteristic. 2） In the energy storage stage， big hanging and straight leg swinging are the main technical characteristics of modern female pole-vaulters energy storage， smaller suspense angles and shoulder-hip-ankle orderly accelerating and braking show whip type body swing technical characteristics. 3） In the energy release stage， the movement of the massing， stretching and pushing closely connected and reducing the time of the push pole