辣椒单倍体培养的研究进展.docVIP

辣椒单倍体培养的研究进展 　　摘要:对影响辣椒单倍体培养的几个主要因素:材料基因型、发育时期、预处理培养基等进行了综述。不同的材料甚至采用相同培养条件,胚状体的诱导频率差异也不同。当花瓣与花萼等长或花瓣稍长于花萼,花药为绿色或花药末端略带淡紫色时,是最适合单倍体培养的时期。NHT培养基是比较适合的培养基。经过适当的预处理(低温、高温、无碳源、甘露醇、秋水仙素等),并加入0.01～0.5 mg/L的激素(BA、KT、NAA、2,4-D)和防止褐化(3 mg/L硝酸银)会大大提高胚状体发生。但总体来讲辣椒单倍体培养发展较慢,还有许多方面需要改进。通过近一步深入系统研究,辣椒单倍体培养技术会有突破性进展。 　　关键词:辣椒;单倍体;培养;花药;小孢子 　　中图分类号:S641.3 文献标识码:A DOI编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2010.04.004 　　 　　Perspectives of Pepper Haploid Culture 　　SU Wei1, CHANG Cai-tao2 　　(1. Gansu zhangye Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhangye, Gansu 734000, China;2.Tianjin Kernel Vegetable Research Institute ,Tianjin 300384, China) 　　Abstract:The critical factors involving in haploid culture were summarized in this paper including geno-types, the stage of pollen development, pretreatment, medium. The inducing frequencies of embryo greatly fluctuated on different materials even in same culture conditions. When the length of petals were same as that of calyx orslightly longer than that and the anthers were green or light purple, it was the best time to collect explants of haploid culture. NHT medium was more suitable medium than others. The appropriate pre-processing , such as low temperature, high temperature, non-carbon sources, mannitol, colchicine, and reasonable hormones addition 0.01～0.5 mg/L (BA, KT, NAA, 2,4-D), as well as the chemicals preventing browning (3 mg /L AgNO3)had greatly enhanced somatic embryogenesis. In general, the advancement on the research of pepper haploid cultivation was sluggish and there were multiple aspects need to be improved. It was expected pepper haploid culture technology would get a breakthrough based on the further systematic research. 　　Key words: pepper;haploid;culture;anther;microspore 　　 　　辣椒(Capsicum annuum L. ) 原产于中美洲和南美洲, 因其营养丰富、味道鲜美而在世界各地广泛种植, 其产量在茄科蔬菜中仅次于番茄。辣椒在我国各地均有栽培, 年播种面积超过66.7 万hm2,已成为农民致富的重要经济作物之一。 　　辣椒的遗传改良对生产起着重要的作用。在辣椒育种过程中,自交系的选育是非常关键的工作,但传统的育种方式往往存在周期长、育种群体规模大、育种选择效率低等问题。单倍体育种是解决这些问题的重要育种方法之一。花药和小孢子培养是获得单倍体的主要方法,能够在较短时间获