三亚市凤凰镇耕地土壤养分状况剖析.docVIP

三亚市凤凰镇耕地土壤养分状况剖析 　　摘要 采集三亚市凤凰镇耕地土壤样本260个，分析土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量。结果表明：三亚市凤凰镇耕地土壤pH值平均为5.27，土壤样本整体呈酸性，土壤酸化严重；有机质含量中等偏下，平均值为2 mg/kg；碱解氮含量丰富，平均值为98.59 mg/kg；有效磷含量极为丰富，平均值为39.685 mg/kg；速效钾含量缺乏，平均值为80.78 mg/kg。结合凤凰镇的作物种植状况及土壤养分含量特征提出施肥建议。 　　关键词 耕地；土壤养分；施肥建议 　　中图分类号 S158 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2013）24-0250-02 　　Analysis of Nutrient Condition about Cultivated Soil in Fenghuang Town of Sanya City 　　OU Hai 1 CHEN Yan 2 　　（1 Sanya Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center of Hainan Province，Hainan Sanya 572000； 　　2 Yacheng Agricultural Serice Center of Sanya City） 　　Abstract 260 samples of farmland soil of fenghuang town in Sanya City were collected. The soil reaction，the content of organic matter，alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen，available phosphorus and available potassium were tested. The result showed：the average value of the pH of the farmland soil was 5.27，in general，the soil was acidic，the acidification of the soil was really serious. The content of organic matter was deficient，the majority of it was in the middle level and the average value was 2 mg/kg.Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen was secondly abundant，its average value was 98.59 mg/kg.Available phosphorus was really abundant，the average value was 39.685 mg/kg.Available potassium was deficient，the average value was 80.78 mg/kg.According to crop planting conditionas and soil nutrient charcteristics，suggestions of fertilization were put forward for refernce. 　　Key words cultivated soil；soil nutrient；suggestion of fertilization 　　三亚市凤凰镇土地面积595 km2，其中土地面积487 km2。现有耕地面积2 015 hm2，是我国南繁育种的重要基地及冬季瓜菜种植基地。近年来，耕地面积逐渐减少，且土壤生产力日益下降[1]。因此，要开展测土配方施肥，根据作物需肥规律，土壤供肥性能与肥料效应，在施用有机肥的基础上进行合理施肥，最大限度提高耕地资源的利用，保证农业可持续发展[2]。 　　1 材料与方法 　　1.1 土壤样品采集 　　试验采用棋盘式采样法。共设样点260个，在每个取样点取5～10个土样混合成1个土壤样品，每个样品重约0.5 kg。土壤样品经过风干、研磨、过筛后装于塑料封口袋中备用。 　　1.2 分析方法及数据处理 　　pH值：pH计法（水土比为2.5∶1）；有机质：重铬酸钾容重法-外加热法；碱解氮：1 mol/L NaOH碱解扩散法；有效磷：0.05 mol/L浓HCl—0.025 mol/L浓H2SO4浸提钼锑抗比色法；速效钾：NH4OAc浸提，火焰光度法。每个土壤样品重复3次，取平均值分析[3]。使用Excel进行数据处理。 　　1.3 土壤养分分级标