古罗马英文双语教学.ppt

Roman History The Regal Age（王政时代）: ca. 753-510 B.C. The Republic（共和时代）: 510-27 B.C. The Empire: 27 B.C.-1453 A.D. Early Empire（帝国时代）: 27 B.C.-325 A.D. Later Empire: 325 A.D.-1453 A.D. Etruscan Civilization Etruscan Civilization Etruscan civilization, highest civilization in Italy before the rise of Rome. The core of the territory of the Etruscans, known as Etruria to the Latins, was northwest of the Tiber River, now in modern Tuscany and part of Umbria. reached its height in the 6th century BC. The Romans expelled their dynasty in 509 BC. had a commercial and agricultural civilization and left a rich cultural heritage Origin of the Etruscans Between 900 and 500 BCE Romans called them the Etruscans. Came from eastern Mediterranean,  possibly Asia Minor. Their land was called Etruria伊达拉里亚（意大利中部一古国）. Etruscan Political System Independent, fortified city-states. Formed small confederacies. Had a strong military that dominated all the surrounding peoples. By 6c BCE, the Etruscan military had conquered much of the Italian  peninsula, including Rome and the island  of Corsica科西嘉岛. Etruscan Writing Most inscriptions found on tombs and monuments and mirrors. We can pronounce Etruscanwords, because they use analphabet similar to Greek, but we have no clue about their meaning. Over 10,000 Etruscan inscriptions. Etruscan Religion Polytheistic. Believed that the destiny of man was determined by the whims念头 of the gods. Believed in prophecy预言 and reading the signs of nature by augurs占卜. Believed in predestination预言. Etruscan Influence The “Etruscan” nation was a collection of individual cities primarily interested in trade-generated commercial wealth. At the height of Etruscan influence during the 700-600s BC, their culture and influence extended north of Etruria伊特鲁里亚into Po Valley波河流域 and southward into Campagna罗马四周的平原. Cities in these regions were conquered by roving freebooters海盗 and populated by surplus people from the cities in Etruria. Rome was ta