南四湖湿地生物多样性特征剖析.docVIP

南四湖湿地生物多样性特征剖析 　　摘要：南四湖湿地物种层次的生物多样性水平较高，该湿地中的浮游植物以绿藻、褐藻和金藻为主，浮游动物多是广温普生性种类，底栖动物以软体动物为主，水生维管束植物以世界分布属和温带分布属的种子植物为主，鱼类、水禽以古北界和广布种为主。南四湖湿地生物多样性保护面临着景观破碎化和水污染加重、水量不足、生产秩序混乱、保护措施不力等问题，应采取加强湿地生态工程建设、减轻水污染、治理水土流失、搞好自然保护区建设等措施加强对南四湖湿地生物多样性的保护。 　　关键词：湿地；生物多样性；区系成分；特征；南四湖 　　中图分类号：Q16 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2013）12-2779-05 　　Analysis on Biodiversity Characteristics in the Wetlands of Nansi Lake 　　WANG Li-hua1，YU Hai-wu2 　　（1.School of Architecture and Civil Engineering， Qingdao Agricultural University，Qingdao 266109，Shandong， China； 　　2.Zhejiang Tengtou Landscape Co.， Ltd.， Ningbo 315000， Zhejiang，China） 　　Abstract： The biodiversity standards of species level in Nansi lake was relatively high， there were phytoplankton， zooplanktons， bottom aquatic wildlife， aquatic vascular plants， fresh water fish and water birds. Green alga， phaeophyta， and chrysophyceae were dominant species in the phytoplankton. The dominant zooplanktons were eurythermal and ubiquitous species. Mollush was the main benthic animal. The vascular plants were mainly consisted of seed plants of cosmopolitan and temperate types. Most of the fish and birds were palaearctic. The biodiversity protection of the wetlands of Nansi lake was faced with landscape fragmentation and water pollution， water shortage， production order chaos， and lack of protective measures. Therefore， countermeasures such as wetland ecological engineering construction， reducing the pollution of water， controlling soil erosion and a round-way improvement in the nature reserve construction should be taken to strengthen the biodiversity protection of the wetlands of Nansi lake. 　　Key words： wetland； biodiversity； flora composition； characteristics； Nansi lake 　　湖泊湿地是物种层次生物多样性水平较高的生态系统类型之一，湖泊湿地的景观多样性和生境多样性是其物种层次生物多样性形成的基础[1-3]。研究湖泊湿地物种层次的生物多样性特征，有利于湿地管理者和湿地科学家在湿地保护与合理利用的实践中有针对性地提出保护湿地植被和珍稀濒危湿地动植物的措施，以及在退化湖泊湿地的生态恢复、重建过程中正确选择、合理配置动植物物种。 　　1 南四湖自然地理概况及研究方法 　　1.1 南四湖自然地理概况及湿地类型 　　南四湖（34°27′-35°20′N，116°34′-117°21′E）位于山东省西南部华北平原与黄淮平原交接地带