南水北调中线工程北京西四环段输水安全剖析.docVIP

南水北调中线工程北京西四环段输水安全剖析 　　摘要:水锤是保证长距离输水管道安全的重要技术问题,工程中要避免弥合水锤的发生,降低水锤压力。由于受施工条件的限制,水锤防护措施的安装施工有时非常困难,往往需要作适当调整。根据对南水北调中线京石段应急供水工程北京西四环段通气孔设计,将通气孔概化成半气垫式调压室进行输水管道水力过渡过程计算分析。通过多方案比较分析,低水头长距离输水管道通气孔的设置可以在增加其它安全措施的基础上适当增大设置间距。 　　关键词:南水北调中线;输水安全;优化;水力过渡过程;水锤 　　中图分类号:TV68文献标识码:A文章编号: 　　 　　1672-1683(2010)02-0010-03 　　Security Analysis on Beijing West Fourth Ring Reach of the Middle Route Project of 　　the South-to-North Water Diversion 　　ZHOU Jie1,2,WU Shi-qiang1,2,WU Xiu-feng1,2,XU Hai-ping3,ZHU Yu-cai3, XIA Yi3 　　(1.Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China; 　　2.State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Nanjing 210024,China; 　　3.Shaoxing Tangpu Reservoir Lt. Co.,Shaoxing 312364,China) 　　Abstract: Water hammer is the key point of security for long-distance water drainage pipes.Column separation water hammer must be avoided in any projects and hydraulic transient pressure should be decreased. But sometimes,water hammer protection works are very difficult to construct because of the limitation of poor construction conditions. And it is necessary to make a slight change of the positions of air vents. According to the design of air vents in the Beijing West Fourth Ring reach of the Middle Route Project of the South-to-north Water Diversion,air vents can be simplified as semi-air cushion surge chambers to calculate the hydraulic transients. By comparison of some schemes,space intervals of air vents in low-water-head long-distance water diversion pipes can be slightly longer if there are some additional water hammer protection works already. 　　 　　Key words: the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion; water supply security; hydraulic transients; water hammer 　　 　　1 前言 　　 　　水锤是保证长距离输水管道安全的重要技术问题,也是造成运行后工程事故的主要因素之一。当输水管道较长时,水泵启动、关闭都会产生水力过渡过程,此间可能发生水锤,甚至弥合水锤。弥合水锤发生时,管内压力升值很大,为一般水锤的2~4倍[1-2]。长距离输水系统中如局部发生负水锤,则管线中出现负压而局部产生汽泡,当正水锤到来时,汽泡破裂会诱发空泡溃灭水锤[3]。工程中要避免弥合水锤的发生,降低水锤压力。 　　南水北调中线京石段应急供水工程主要是将河北省西大洋、王快、岗