EnglshSenteneStrutures英语句子结构　.docVIP

Englsh Sentence Structure 英诏句子结构(1) 英语基本句型有五个：S+V, S+V+Cs, S+V+O, S+V+Oi+Od, S+V+Od+Co,其共有特征是主谓结构 (S+V)。 句子成分主要有四种：主语S、谓语动词V、补语(主语补语Cs，宾语补语Co)和宾语 (直接宾语Od，间接宾语Oi)。 Pattern 1 (S + V) 此句型中，“V”是不及物动词，后面无宾语，如： My right ar m hurts. 但通常有后续成分或称状语(A)，即S+V+A，如： She lived ha ppily. The s un rises eve ry morning. 在有些句子中，主语或谓语或某一部分可省略，如： (I) Hope to see you a gain soon.(省略主语) Who cal led? Jane (d id).(省略谓语) Pattern 2 (S + V + Cs) 此句型的“V”是连系动词，“Cs”是主语补语，或称表语。充当主语补语的有名词、 代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语、动词V-ing形式或V-ed形式、不定式及名词性从 句等，如： My first na me is Bill. Life is colo rful. Seeing is believin g. Our belie f is that th ings will im prove. 常见的连系动词有下列几类： 表示“判断”：be; 表示“变得”、“成为”：become,come, go, f all, get, gr ow, prove, t urn 等； 表示“保持着某一状态”：ho Id, keep, li e, remain, r est, sit, st ay 等; 表示“看起来”、“好像”：ap pear, look,seem 等； 表示“实感”：feel,sound, taste , smell 等。 e .g. She is a teacher and I am a doct or. Spring c omes and all trees turn green. He st ayed awake a II night. Yo u dont look happy, whats the matte r? Their pla n sounds won derful. Pat tern 3 (S +V + 0) “V ”是及物动词，后面需跟一个宾语，可充当宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、 V-ing结构及名词性从句等，如： I un derstand the program. Sh e asked to s ee the manag er. Mary is considering changing her job. He sai d that he wo uld call me tomorrow. 这种结构有时必须跟状语，意义才完整(即S+V + O + A)，如： We accept ed their adv ice in buyin g a new car. She complet ed the assig nment just a s the bell w as ringing. We don’t tru st him becau se he often lies. You ma ke a promise only when y ou know you can keep it. ? Pattern 4 (S + V + Oi + Od) 此句型的“v”称为双宾及物动词，其后需跟间接宾语“or (通常指人)和直接宾语 “Od”(通常指物或事)。 此类动词大都具有给与的意义，常见的有allow, as sign, award,bring, buy,cause, choo se, fetch, f ind, get, gi ve, grant, h and, leave,lend, offer,owe, pass,pay, post, p romise, read , recommend,refuse, ren der, return,sell, send,show, sing,take, telep hone, touch,tell, throw , wish, write 等，如: I gav e him the bo ok. HI ret urn you the dictionary s oon. 有时间接宾语可移至直接宾语之后，但要加相应的介词如“to”，“for”，“of”等， 试比较： Bet ty gave her daughter an apple. 一 Bett y