《离散数学》杨争锋ch04-2幻灯片资料.pptVIP

§4.2 The Pigeonhole Principle Introduction (1) The Pigeonhole Principle (page 313) If k+1 or more objects are related into k boxes, then there is at least one box containing two or more of the objects. Proof: 用反证法 See book. (d) Example 4 (page 314) Show that for every integer n there is a multiple of n that has only 0s and 1s in its decimal expansion. Solution: 令n是一个正整数,考虑n+1个整数 1, 11, ……, 111…1(最后一个整数有n+1个1) 由于一个整数被n除后,将有n种可能的余数,所以上述n+1个正整数中有2个,它们被n除后余数一样,即:这两个正整数相减后,仅有若干个0和若干个1构成,且能被n整除. 2. The Generalized (广义) Pigeonhole Principle (