科技英语摘要Writing-Abstractsummary.pptVIP

Lecture 02 Abstract Writing Summary Writing 1. Abstract writing Contents Definition of the abstract Types of the abstract Economy of words How to write the abstract: The Formalized Structure of the abstract “5 steps” of writing the abstract “5-A” Strategy of writing the abstract Abstract I have the strong impression that scientific communication is being seriously hindered by poor quality abstracts written in jargon-ridden mumbo-jumbo. —Sheila M. McNab (mumbo-jumbo [uncountable] [informal] technical language that is difficult to understand and seems to have no sense) * a bunch of legal mumbo-jumbo Abstract A descriptive summary [abstract] is a table of contents in paragraph form; it is a general map for readers. —Michael Alley 1. Definition of the abstract (1) An Abstract should be viewed as a miniversion of the paper. The abstract should provide a brief summary of each of the main sections of the paper: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion. Generally speaking, the abstract should not exceed 250 words (100-200 words ) and should be designed to define clearly what is dealt with in the paper. 1. Definition of the abstract (2) The abstract should: (1) state the principal objectives and scope of the investigation, (2) describe the methodology employed, (3) summarize the results, and (4) state the principal conclusion. 1. Definition of the abstract (3) Most of the Abstracts should be written in the past tense, because it refers to work done. The abstract should never give any information or conclusion that is not stated in the paper. References to the literature must not be cited in the Abstract. 2. Types of abstracts (1) Informative abstract (more detailed, and may include quantitative details) 信息性/报道性/资料性摘要 Indicative/descriptive abstract (brief and qualitative, indicating what kind of research has been done) 指示性/说明性/描述性摘要 Informative-indicative abstract 报道-指示性摘要 2. Types of abstracts (2) An effectiv