滦河流域土壤侵蚀敏感性评价剖析.docVIP

滦河流域土壤侵蚀敏感性评价剖析 　　摘要：以滦河流域为研究范围，参考《生态功能区划暂行规程》及修正的通用土壤侵蚀方程（RUSLE），运用ArcGIS软件的克里金插值、邻域分析等功能，研究了降水、土壤质地、地形起伏度、植被状况等因素对土壤侵蚀的敏感性，并生成滦河流域单因素敏感性评价图。在ArcGIS栅格叠加分析功能的支持下，以对单因子的分析结果为基础，实现研究区土壤侵蚀敏感性综合评价。结果显示，滦河流域的土壤侵蚀敏感性以中度为主，其中轻度敏感区主要位于坝上高原及滦河冲积平原，中度敏感区主要位于燕山山地，高度敏感区主要位于兴隆县、承德县、青龙县、平泉市、隆化县等地区。为保障水库及城市的安全，有必要重点加强潘家口水库上游河流谷地及青龙县沙壤地的水土流失防治工作。 　　关键词：河北省；滦河流域；土壤侵蚀；敏感性；ArcGIS 　　中图分类号：S157 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）22-4282-03 　　DOI：10.14088/ki.issn0439-8114.2017.22.018 　　Abstract： Luanhe River basin was chosen as study area，reference to the Interim Regulations of Ecological Function Zoning and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation（RUSLE），by applying the kriging interpolation and neighborhood analysis functions of ArcGIS. The research was made of the impact of rainfall，soil texture，topography and vegetation coverage on soil erosion sensitivity，maps of single-factor sensitivity evaluation was generated. Based on the evaluation results of single factor，by applying the spatial overlapping of ArcGIS，a comprehensive evaluation of soil erosion sensitivity was conducted. The results showed that moderately sensitive region was the main type of research area. Mildly sensitive region was mainly distributed in Bashang plateau and Luanhe alluvium plain. Moderately sensitive region was mainly distributed in the mountain area of Yanshan. Highly sensitive region was mainly distributed in Xinglong，Chengde，Qinglong，Pingquan and Longhua. For safety ensuring of reservoir and urban area，it’s necessary to enhance the soil and water conservation of moderately and highly sensitive region，especially valley in upstream of Panjiakou reservoir and sandy soil area of Qinglong. 　　Key words： Hebei province； Luanhe River basin； soil erosion； sensitivity； ArcGIS 　　土壤侵?g容易造成土地资源破坏、土壤肥力下降、库塘湖泊淤积、生态恶化、草原荒漠化等一系列危害[1，2]，侵蚀物质也容易成为滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害的物源。中国是世界上水土流失较严重的国家，水土流失面广量大[3]。为了防治土壤侵蚀灾害，不同研究者基于《生态功能区划暂行规程》[4]或RUSLE[5]模型，以省域[6]、县域[7]、流域[8]等不同尺度空间为研究范围，开展土壤侵蚀敏感性评价研究。其中流域具有统一的出水口，水文特性相近，但同时也是复杂的综合体，流域内不同地形地貌部位土壤性状、植被