美国田径运动管理剖析.docVIP

美国田径运动管理剖析 　　摘 要:美国田径长期在世界上保持领先地位。运用文献法对美国田径管理体系进行研究,以期为我国田径运动的发展提供参考依据。结果显示:美国田协组织机构健全,法规制度和管理职能完善,构建了以业余俱乐部为参赛和训练单位,以奥运会为最高目标,以青少年为重点,以地方、地理区、全国3层次锦标赛为杠杆的完整竞赛训练体系;大中学田径以全面培养人为主要目标,实行分赛季、分层次、分级别的竞赛制度,参赛学校数和学生数非常众多;田协、大学、中学3大体系虽互为独立,但又以田协为主导,相互协调且互为补充,全国形成了与教育体制相结合,纵横交错、层层衔接的庞大青少年田径竞赛训练网。结论为:美国田径管理组织机构健全,3大体系各有侧重且相互间协调发展,每年有100多万青少年儿童参加田径竞赛训练,优秀青少年运动员层出不穷,为美国田径保持强大奠定了宽广而坚实的人才基础。 　　关键词: 美国田协;大中学;田径;竞赛训练;管理;竞赛训练体系 　　中图分类号: G 82 文章编号:1009-783X(2010)03-0029-05 文献标志码: A 　　Abstract:US track and field has kept the No.1 position in the world for a great many years.By means of literature review,the author of this paper conducts a research on the TF administration system in the USA for the purpose of providing references for the development of China’s TF.Study indicates that the organization,laws and regulations,and administrative function of USATF are perfect.Aiming at Olympics and with a stress on juniors,USATF has established an integrated competition and training system including local,regional and national championships participated by amateur clubs and athletes.In the level of college and high school TF,overall education is a major goal,while competition systems are implemented with divided seasons,stages and divisions so that the TF participation,either by schools or by students,is very numerous.Although the three levels of USATF,college and high school are independent of each other,they can develop in a harmonious way and reinforce each other with the governance of USATF to build a huge,crisscross and different-level-linking-up network of junior TF that is integrated with the educational system.It is concluded that the TF administrative organizations in the USA are sound,while each of the three systems has its own stress and all of them work in coordination.As a result,more than a million youth and children participate in TF every year and outstanding junior athletes emerge in endlessly.The system provides a wide and solid foundation of talents for making America