医学生理学2(精品·公开课件).pptVIP

* * * * * * * 26 * 28 TFPI III.Fibrinolysis IV.Abnormalities of Hemostasis 1.Hemophilia Cause: deficiency of VIII,IX,XI Therapy: injection of purified clotting factors 2.Throbocytopenia Cause: the number of platelet＜ 50,000/ul (normally: 150,000 ~ 300,000/ul) Part 2 Blood Groups Blood Fact If someone is in an accident, has surgery or gets cancer, they may need another person’s blood to help them survive. There is no substitute for blood transfusion. This blood comes from blood donors. I. Definition of Blood Groups Types of the specific antigens of the red blood cells Blood Groups (Types) antigens Antigen——Agglutinogen Antibody——Agglutinin II. Major RBC Blood Group System 1. ABO System (Karl Landsteiner, 1901) Antigens: A and B agglutinogens A Antigen B Antigen A B Antigens Neither A nor B Antigens Antibodies bind with antigens to cause clumping of blood cells (agglutination) so people with type A blood have circulating antibodies for type B, while people with blood type AB have neither A nor B antibodies and people with blood type O circulate both A and B antibodies. Antibody (Agglutination) RBC Agglutination Blood Group Ag. Incompatible Transfusion ? Transfusion Reaction Agglutination Hemolysis Transfusion Reaction Antibodies: Anti-A and Anti-B agglutinin (Natural Antibodies; Ig M) Significance: Serious transfusion reaction occurs in the first imcompatible blood transfusion ?????????????? There are 4 main blood types, distinguished by their carbohydrate antigens ? H A antigen H B antigen A transferase A gene B transferase B gene ABO genes:A and B—dominant,O—recessive ABO phenotypes and genotypes: 1. Group A phenotype = A/A or A/O genotype 2. Group