超验主义形成的社会因素和个人因素探究-英语语言文学专业论文.docxVIP

i i Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Qi Tao. Without his patient guidance, careful revision and insightful instruction, I would never have been able to bring this thesis into light. His erudition, strictness and patience as a supervisor; kindness, consideration and tolerance as a friend make my study more than meaningful. He teaches me not only how to conduct research on literary criticism, but also how to be an upright person. I do wish to dedicate this thesis to him, with most of the virtues due to him but the demerits my own. In addition, my sincere gratitude also goes to Professor Hong Zenliu who abandoned himself to assist me to improve my papers. Not only did he help me to enhance my writing skills, but also teach me to behave in modern society. Furthermore, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all the respectable teachers of School of Foreign Studies, Anhui University who have taught and helped me in my post-graduate studies, especially to Prof. Chen Zhengfa, Prof. Hua Quankun, Prof. Chen Bing. Prof. Zhu Yue, Prof. Zhou Fangzhu, and Prof. Wang Xiaoling for their help and advice. Moreover, I am grateful to my classmates for their constant encouragement and valuable suggestions. Last but not least, I want to thank my Wife and friends. Their support gave me strength and helped me get through all hardship in the course of writing the thesis. ii ii Abstract The reasons for the emergence of Transcendentalism are complicated. It is driven by many forces, both social and personal. On the one hand, the development of Industrial Revolution lays a solid foundation for the development of transcendentalism, while the Enlightenment expels the philosophical obstacles. In many ways, transcendentalism is in line with the spirit of the time. It shares with the Enlightenment optimism and self-perfection; and takes its roots in secularism, humanism and democracy, with the death of God, the end of absolute truth, and people’