芳香型离子液体循环催化合成乙酸正丁酯的研究-无机化学专业论文.docxVIP

万方数据 万方数据 芳香型离子液体循环催化合成乙酸正丁酯的研究 中文摘要 离子液体是指由有机正离子和有机/无机负离子构成的室温下呈液态的盐 的物质。多种重要的有机合成反应，如烷基化反应、聚合反应、氧化还原反应、 酰基化反应、酯化反应等都可以在离子液体中发生，防止了有害溶剂及催化剂 的使用。 酯化反应是一种酸催化反应。在硫酸催化下直接进行酯化合成的应用比较 广泛，但生产成本高、催化剂严重腐蚀设备、反应物容易被炭化、容易发生多 种副反应并且产生的二氧化硫对环境有污染。近年来，科学研究者也用酸性阳 离子交换树脂、分子筛、杂多酸和固体超强酸等来代替浓硫酸，但这些催化剂 有成本高、催化效率较低、催化活性下降快、后处理较复杂、产物分离困难等 缺点。为了优化合成方法，解决酯化反应常见催化剂产生的环境以及经济问题， 化学工作者探索了在离子液体中催化酯化反应。 本文将 N，N-二甲基苯胺盐酸盐离子液体作为催化剂用于酯化反应，与浓 硫酸以及无水三氯化铝作催化剂对比，合成乙酸正丁酯。为了研究催化剂的催 化活性与催化效率，选择了两种原料：乙酸和正丁醇，乙酸酐和正丁醇在三种 催化剂的作用下来分别合成乙酸正丁酯。并且测试了在无水三氯化铝的存在下， 离子液体的循环催化效果，探索了在一定的条件下两者最佳的使用量。 关键词：离子液体，乙酸正丁酯，酯化反应，三氯化铝，循环催化 I Synthesis Research of N-butyl Acetate Cyclic Catalyzed by Aromatic Ionic Liquid Abstract Ionic liquid was consisted of organic positive ions and inorganic or organic negative ions. It is liquid at the room temperature.Many important organic synthesis reactions, such as alkylation, polymerization, oxidation-reduction reaction, acylation, esterification, etc. can be performed in an ionic liquid medium, avoids the use of toxic solvents and catalysts other . The esterification reaction is an acid-catalyzed reaction.Sulfuric acid-catalyzed esterification directly was used widely, but the high cost of production, the equipment was eroded by sulfuric acid, easy charring, side reactions and sulfur dioxide pollution to the environment. In recent years, Scientific researchers also used acidic cation exchange resins, zeolites, heteropolyacids and solid super acid to instead of concentrated sulfuric acid, but these catalysts have many shortcoming,such as catalytic activity declined faster, lower catalytic efficiency, high cost, product separation difficult, more complex post-processing. In order to optimize the synthesis method and solve environmental and economic problems, catalytic chemists tried to proceed esterification reactions in ionic liquids. N, N-dimethyl aniline hydrochloride ionic liquids contrast with concentrated sulfuric acid and anhydrous aluminum chloride catalyst as catalysts for synthesis