MolecularBiology分子生物学-浙江大学教学信息化平台.pptVIP

* In what has become known as nanoscopy, scientists visualize the pathways of individual molecules inside living cells. They can see how molecules create synapses between nerve cells in the brain; they can track proteins involved in Parkinsons, Alzheimers and Huntingtons diseases as they aggregate; they follow individual proteins in fertilized eggs as these divide into embryos. timulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, developed by Stefan Hell in 2000. Two laser beams are utilized; one stimulates fluorescent molecules to glow, another cancels out all fluorescence except for that in a nanometre-sized volume. Scanning over the sample, nanometre for nanometre, yields an image with a resolution better than Abbes stipulated limit. single-molecule microscopy. The method relies upon the possibility to turn the fluorescence of individual molecules on and off. Scientists image the same area multiple times, letting just a few interspersed molecules glow each time. Superimposing these images yields a dense super-image resolved at the nanolevel. * * * * Gene Genome基因与基因组 Gene Transcription 基因转录 RNA Splicing Editing RNA剪切与加工 Protein Synthesis Processing 蛋白质合成与加工 Protein Structure Function蛋白质结构与功能 Epigenetics表观遗传学 分子生物学主要研究内容 Epigenetics表观遗传学 分子生物学主要研究内容 DNA methylation Histone modification: methylation acetylation … non-coding RNAs RNA modification Proteins (eg. Prion) 分子生物学主要研究技术 分离、纯化（主要是生物大分子） 克隆、表达 序列分析 （Sanger Seq Next Generation Seq) PCR（多聚酶链式反应 ） 凝胶电泳：琼脂糖凝胶电泳；SDS－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 （SDS）；等电聚焦电泳；双向电泳 印迹技术：Southern blotting; Northern blotting; Western blotting 微阵列技术：genechip, microarray, protein chip 分子生物学主要研究技术 基因操纵技术：Gene knock-out/knock-in RNA interference (RNAi) 蛋白质翻译调控：ribosome profiling; GTI-seq 蛋白质鉴定：质谱 蛋白质相互作用：酵母双杂交、免疫共沉淀（Co-IP）、 pull-down、FRET、表面等离子共振技术(SPR) 蛋白质与核酸相互作用：ChIP、ChIP-on-chip、RIP… 研究生物大分子三维结构常用的实验手段： X射线晶体学、核磁共振、原子力显微镜、X射线小角散射、 电子显微学、冷冻电子显微镜等。 医学分子生物学主要研究内容 基因、遗传与疾病的关系 环境与健康的关系 疾病发生、发展的分子机制 个体化