辨方正位体国经野——周礼所见中国古代空间规划体系与技术方法.PDF

辨方正位 体国经野 —— 《周礼》所见中国古代空间规划体系与技术方法 Identifying the Region and Order, Embodying the Cities and Countryside: Ancient Chinese Spatial Planning System and Techniques in Rites of Zhou 郭 璐 武廷海 摘要： 《周礼》是我国第一部系统记录国家政权组织机构及其职能的专书，其中包 含大一统制度形成过程中对空间规划体系的理想建构，影响后世两千余年。本文 基于《周礼》文本，系统分析六官史料，并以相关先秦文献、金文材料等加以辅 证，发掘其内在体系，揭示中国古代通过空间来治理国家的规划传统，即以地法 “辨方正位”，奠定规划基础、建构空间框架，进而以形体之法“体国经野”，塑 造空间形态，形成天下尺度的空间秩序；职官体系依附其上发挥效力，最终实现 对广阔地域的政治统治和社会治理。 关键词： 辨方正位，体国经野，周礼，空间规划 Abstract: Rites of Zhou is the first work on bureaucracy and organizational theory in ancient China, which contains the idealized model of spatial planning system during the formation of the grand unification, exerting a tremendous impact on the next 2,000 years. A comprehensive text analysis of all the six parts of Rites of Zhou is applied in this paper to excavate the inner system of spatial planning, with the complement of the relevant documents of pre-Qin Dynasty as well as the inscriptions on ancient bronze objects. It is declared in this paper that national governance was always realized through spatial planning in ancient China. It is revealed that “Di Fa” (the method of land) was applied to “Identifying the Region and Order”, which established the planning foundation and spatial framework. Subsequently, “Xing Ti Zhi Fa” (the method of physical environment) was applied to “Embody the Cities and Countryside”, which shaped the spatial form. Ultimately, the spatial order of 1 “Tianxia”(all the area under heaven) was established, based on which the bureaucratic system came into play and the political rule and social governance was realized over the extensive area of the whole nation. Key Words: Identifying the Region