微机原理ch06 MEMORY AND EMORY INTERFACING.docVIP

MEMORY AND MEMORY INTERFACING SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORY FUNDAMENTALS In the design of all computers, semiconductor memories are used as primary storage for code and data. Semiconductor memories are connected directly to the CPU and they are the memory that the CPU first asks for information (code and data). For this reason, semiconductor memories are referred to as primary memory. Memory capacity The number of bits that a semiconductor memory chip can store is called its chip capacity. It can be in units of Kbits (kilobits), Mbits (megabits), and so on. This must be distinguished from the storage capacity of computers. While the memory capacity of a memory IC chip is always given in bits, the memory capacity of a computer is given in bytes. Memory organization Memory chips are organized into a number of locations within the IC. Each location can hold 1 bit, 4 bits, 8 bits, or even 16 bits, depending on how it is designed internally. The number of bits that each location within the memory chip can hold is always equal to the number of data pins on the chip. How many locations exists inside a memory chip depends on the number of address pins. The number of locations within a memory IC always equals 2x where x is the number of address pins. Therefore, the total number of bits that a memory chip can store is equal to the number of locations times the number of data bit per location. To summary: Each memory chip contains 2x locations, where x is the number of address pins on the chip. Each location contains y bits, where y is the number of data pins on the chip. The entire chip will contain 2x × y bits, where x is the number of address pins on the chip and y is the number of data pins on the chip. The 2x × y is referred to as the organization of the memory chip, where x is the number of address pins on the chip and y is the number of data pins on the chip. For 2x , use REF _Re\h 表 61 to give the number of locations in K or M units. 表 STYLEREF 1 \s 6 SEQ 表 \* ARA