【实验诊断学】examiation of csf.pptVIP

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【实验诊断学】examiation of csf

脑脊液检查 Examination of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) Hai-xiao,XIE The first affiliated hospital of WMC CSF 70% 来自脑室脉络丛超滤和分泌 30% 由脑室的室管膜和蛛网膜下腔产生 成人CSF90~150ml,平均6h更新一次,通常皆朝着一个方向流动。 CSF CSF is a clear fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space in the brain It circulates in the space surrounding the spinal cord and brain choroid plexus(脉络丛) ↓ lateral ventricles(侧脑室) ↓ the line of the fornix(穹隆) ↓ the third ventricle(第三脑室) ↓ cerebral aqueduct (导水管) ↓ the fourth ventricle(第四脑室) ↓ lateral and median apertures(侧中央孔) ↓ arachnoid granulations(蛛网膜) ↓ Venous system(静脉系统) Function of CSF(脑脊液的功能) Protection 保护作用 A buffer for the cortex(大脑皮层),protecting the brain and spine?from injury Matter exchange 物质交换中介 Exchange matters, transport nutrition into brain and export rubbish from brain Acid-alkali regulating 酸碱调节作用 Regulating the acid--alkali balance BBB(blood-brain barrier) If diseases occurred in brain ↓ BBB disrupted ↓ penetration increased ↓ components in CSF changed (large molecule substance will go into CSF) 脑脊液采集的适应证(了解) 脑膜刺激症状 (颈强直、Kernig征、Brudzinski征) 疑有颅内出血,不能作CT检查时 剧烈头痛而原因不明等 脑膜白血病患者 中枢神经系统疾病进行椎管内给药治疗等 脑脊液采集的禁忌症(了解) 可疑颅高压、脑疝先兆者,禁忌穿刺。 病人休克、穿刺部位有炎症、 可疑颅内占位病变等禁忌穿刺。 开放性颅脑损伤禁忌穿刺。 Sample collecting(标本采集) 腰椎穿刺 (lumbar puncture) 先作压力测定 再收集到三支试管内 样本需要立即送检 lumbar puncture 压力测定 参考值: 成人 80 ~ 180mmH2O (40~50滴/min) 儿童 40 ~ 100mmH2O 颅骨空间很固定,脑内任何组分、体积的增加都会导致压力增加 (such as blood, CSF, or brain tissue

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