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confucius↗The Great Man Ralph Waldo Emerson “The American confucius”Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882) was an American essayist, philosopher and poet, best remembered for leading the Transcendentalist movement(超验主义) of the early 19th century. His teachings directly influenced the growing New Thought movement of the mid 1800s, while he was seen as a champion of individualism and prescient(预知的） critic of the countervailing（对抗性的） pressures of society What is Transcendentalism? “What is popularly called Transcendentalism among us is idealism”. ----- Emerson Transcendentalism is the view that the basic truths of the universe lie beyond the knowledge one obtains from his senses;Basic truths can be reached only through instinct and intuition and are a matter of private experience;To arrive at the truth, man must go beyond or transcend what his eyes and ears tell him or what he can learn from books. He must listen to his inner soul. He must trust in the divinity that is in all men. American Transcendentalism (New England Transcendentalism ) The American Transcendentalism is characterized by: emphasis on intuition, the spirit or the Oversoul; the stress on the importance of individualism; praise of nature as a symbol of the Spirit or God; belief in self-trust and self-reliance; dignity of manual labor. His LifeThe writer‘s father, William Emerson, a descendant of New England clergymen(牧师）, was minister of the First Unitarian Church in Boston. Emerson’s early years were filled with books and a daily routine of studious and frugal(好学和节约的) homelife. After his father‘s death in 1811, his eccentric(古怪的） but brilliant aunt, Mary Moody Emerson, became his confidante（红颜知己） and stimulated his independent thinking. At Harvard (1817-21) he began recording his thoughts in the famous Journal. Poor health hindered（阻碍） his studies at the Harvard divinity（神学） school in 1825, and in 1826, after being licensed to preach（说教）, he was forced to go south because of