复杂系统中集体行为和临界现象的动力学研究-理论物理专业论文.docx

V V Abstract We study the traffic dynamics in two-dimensional Biham-Middleton-Levine(BML) traffic flow model based on the unregular lattice. It is found that a phase separation phenomenon, in which the system separates into coexistence of free flow and jam, could be observed in intermediate vehicle density range. We investigate the prisoner’s dilemma game based on a new rule: players will change their current strategies to opposite strategies with some probability if their neighbours’ average payoffs are higher than theirs. Compared with the cases on regular lattices (RL) and Newman–Watts small world network (NW), cooperation can be best enhanced on the scale-free Barab′asi–Albert network (BA). It is found that cooperators are dispersive on RL network, which is different from previously reported results that cooperators will form large clusters to resist the invasion of defectors. Cooperative behaviours on the BA network are discussed in detail. We generalize a majority-rule model on the opinion dynamics, where all mobile agents update their status based on Vicsek model. We find the existence of an optimal preferential rule for which the convergence to global consensus can be achieved much more rapidly than under other rules. Qualitative insights are obtained by examining the spatiotemporal evolution of the opinion clusters. The three-dimensional Vicsek model is introduced to investigate the collective motion of self-propelled particles. In this model each particle has a limited view angle. We find that there exists an optimal value of view angle, leading to the quickest direction consensus. Our work shows that the optimal view angle is just a function of the absolute velocity and the particles density in the limit of large boundary size. We present a series of special results demonstrating more fundamental and practical rules in the daily-life pragmatic collective phenomena, which is of significance to the low-cost communication. We generalize the Eden model to tak