果蔬采后病害的潜伏侵染机理研究进展.pdf

278 2015, Vol.36, No.07 食品科学 ※专题论述 果蔬采后病害的潜伏侵染机理研究进展 * 白小东，毕 阳 ，李永才，王 毅，牛黎莉，王 婷，尚 琪 （甘肃农业大学食品科学与工程学院，甘肃兰州 730070 ） 摘  要：潜伏侵染是引起果蔬采后病害的重要因素，病原菌侵染途径多样、侵染时期难以预测，采后处理不能完 全控制果蔬潜伏侵染病害发生。潜伏侵染性病原菌附着胞的形成及分泌的致病因子如胞外酶、活性氧（reactive oxygen species ，ROS ）、pH 因子和毒素是病原菌穿透寄主细胞的重要原因，同时寄主组织衰老防卫能力降低也加 速了病原菌在寄主细胞内次生菌丝的形成和寄主病症的出现。本文通过对果蔬采后病害的潜伏侵染机理的综述，明 确病原菌侵入寄主的机制及病原菌在寄主内长期潜伏的原因，可以有针对性地防治采后病害，对寻找防治潜伏侵染 新方法和提高采后病害的防治效率具有理论意义。 关键词：潜伏侵染；采后病害；附着胞；发病机理 Mechanism of Latent Infection for Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables * BAI Xiaodong, BI Yang , LI Yongcai, WANG Yi, NIU Lili, WANG Ting, SHANG Qi (College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China) Abstract: Latent infection is an important factor for causing postharvest diseases because of diverse pathogen infection pathways and unpredictable infection periods so that its occurrence cannot be controlled completely by postharvest handling. Its appressorium and secreting virulence factors, such as extracellular enzymes, reactive oxygen species (ROS), pH and toxins are important for penetrating host cells, while host tissue senescence also can accelerate secondary hyphae formation in host cells and occurrence of host diseases. The invasive pathogens and long-term potential of the host cells are reviewed clearly in this paper, and the targets for preventing the occurrence of postharvest diseases have theoretical significance to discover new ways of latent infection and improve the efficiency of postharvest disease prevention. Key words: latent infection; postharvest diseases; appressorium; pathogenesis 中图分类号：TS201.3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1002-6630 （2015 ）07-