电动汽车用SRM转矩脉动抑制策略的研究-控制科学与工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 万方数据 万方数据 摘 要 近年来，发达国家将发展电动汽车上升到国家战略层面，以改善能源逐渐减少以 及环境不断恶化的社会问题。我国政府于 2012 年也制定相关政策促进汽车产业的升 级。开关磁阻电机（Switched Reluctance Motor，SRM）以其价廉、坚固、高效、节 能的优点成为电动汽车驱动电机的有力竞争者。然而在传统控制方法下，开关磁阻电 机运行过程中的转矩脉动所产生的噪声和抖动阻碍了其应用于关注安全性和舒适性 的电动汽车行业。 为减小开关磁阻电机的转矩脉动，本文主要从以下两个方面展开研究： (1)针对直接转矩控制策略起动时产生负转矩造成电机反向运行的问题，本文分 析了开关磁阻电机起动的原理，提出优化直接转矩控制方法，该控制方法基于转矩双 滞环控制器，同时优化起动时空间电压矢量的选择，从而通过控制电机磁链的变化对 转矩进行调节，减小开关磁阻电机的转矩脉动系数，同时也消除了负转矩的产生。 (2)针对开关磁阻电机换相时，开通相绕组产生的转矩增加量无法补偿关断相瞬 间的转矩减小量的缺陷，本文借鉴传统的转矩分配函数控制策略，在外环速度环采用 不完全微分模糊 PID 产生参考转矩，从而获得较好的控制结果。 基于上述成果进行了实验，实验数据显示传统的电压斩波控制的转矩脉动系数为 %、传统的转矩分配控制的转矩脉动系数为 35%、不完全微分模糊 PID 的转矩 分配控制的转矩脉动系数为 27.84%。可知，使用优化的开关磁阻电机转矩分配控制 方法在减小转矩脉动上有良好的表现。 关键词：开关磁阻电机；转矩脉动；电动汽车；起动负转矩；直接转矩控制；转矩分 配控制. I Abs Abstract II万方数据 II 万方数据 Abstract In recent years, the development of Electric vehicles in developed countries has risen to the national strategic level to improve the social problems of energy shortage and environment degradation. The policies to promote the automotive industry have been formulated by our government in 2012. With the merit of inexpensive, robustness, high efficiency, energy-saving, switched reluctance motor becomes a strong contender of electric vehicle drive motor. However, the noise and torque ripple generated by traditional control methods hinder its wildspread in electric vehicle which pay attention to the safety and comfort. For reducing the torque ripple of switched reluctance motor, two aspects are studied in this thesis as followings: Owing to the phenomenon of negative torque by the strategy of direct torque control on the starting period, which results the motor reverse. Analyzing the starting principle of switched reluctance motor in this thesis, the method of optimized direct torque control is proposed based on torque double hysteresis controller which optimizing the selection of space voltage vector during the operation. The new method can adjust the torque by the change of flux. Eventually, it not only reduces the torque ripple coefficient