等离子体制备与改性纳米材料及其应用-应用化学专业论文.docxVIP

I I 等离子体制备与改性纳米材料及其应用 中文摘要 等离子体制备与改性纳米材料及其应用 中文摘要 本论文主要内容包括：等离子体制备纳米碳材料和等离子体表面改性炭黑在工程 塑料中的应用。 （1）通过交流电弧等离子体制备纳米碳材料，包含碳纳米管和粒径、形貌可观 的球形碳纳米材料。首先利用交流电弧等离子体裂解甲烷制备纳米碳材料的实验，分 别考察了不同放电电极，甲烷和载气不同流量，以及放电电源的输出电流对产物结构、 形貌的影响。利用透射电镜、扫描电镜、X 射线衍射仪、拉曼光谱仪和比表面积测试 仪对纳米碳材料的形貌和结构进行了表征。结果表明，随着输出电流的增大，制备出 的碳纳米材料在导电性和石墨化程度上都有一定程度的提高。然后使用新一代的等离 子体放电装置，交直流共混放电模式对甲烷进行裂解来制备碳纳米材料，考察了不同 甲烷和载气流量对产物形貌的影响。 （2）通过等离子体法对炭黑表面改性，考察了在不同改性时间后得到表面含氧 不同的产品。通过扫描电镜、拉曼光谱仪、X 射线衍射仪、比表面积测试仪对改性前 后的炭黑进行对比表征，同时测试了改性前后炭黑与水的接触角，以及在水中的分散 情况。将等离子体表面改性的炭黑添加到 PC/ABS 工程塑料中，通过熔融共混的方法 来制备复合材料，考察不同改性炭黑含量对复合材料的力学性能、电学性能和热性能 的影响。结果表明等离子体表面改性的炭黑表面引入大量的含氧官能团，与水的接触 角可以达到 84.5 度，并在水中有良好的分散性能。往 PC/ABS 塑料中添加到 15%改 性炭黑的时候，复合材料的力学、电学和热性能都有很大程度的提高。 关键词：电弧等离子体；纳米碳材料；改性炭黑；复合材料 作 者：刘晓阳 指导教师：洪若瑜 教授 II II Abstract Plasma processes in nanomaterials production and modification Plasma processes in nanomaterials production and modification Abstract In this paper, synthesis of structure controlled carbon nanomaterials by AC arc plasma process, and surface modification of carbon black via O2 plasma for the reinforcement of PC/ABS nanocomposites were investigated. Carbon nanomaterial with a controlled structure was synthesized through an attractive method based on the decomposition of methane in arc plasma processing. The effects of argon and methane flow rate, electrode material, and input electronic current on the morphology and carbon nanoparticles size were studied. The size and morphology of carbon nanoparticles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Surface area and microstructure were characterized through BET surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the BET surface area and resistivity of the carbon nanoparticles were decreased with increasing input electronic current. The surface of carbon black was modified with an oxygen plasma treatment. The chemical structure of carbon black surfaces formed by the oxidation process has been characteriz